2013~2014年考研英语一完型填空及其翻译汇总
2013年
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
①People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.②At first glance this might seem like a strength that1the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by2factors.③But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big3was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.4,he theorised that a judge5of appearing too soft6crime might be more likely to send someone to prison7he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
①To8this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.②In theory,the9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others10randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was11.
①He studied the results of9,323MBA interviews12by31admissions officers.②The interviewers had13applicants on a scale of one to five.③This scale14numerous factors into consideration.④The scores were15used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMAT,a standardised exam which is 16out of800points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
①Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was0.75points or more higher than that of the one17that,then the score for the next applicant would18by an average of0.075points.②This might sound small,but to19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need30more GMAT points than would otherwise have been20.
1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers
2.[A]minor[B]external[C]crucial[D]objective
3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment
4.[A]Above all[B]On average[C]In principle[D]For example
5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless
6.[A]in[B]for[C]to[D]on
7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless
8.[A]test[B]emphasize[C]share[D]promote
9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success
10.[A]found[B]studied[C]chosen[D]identified
11.[A]otherwise[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]exceptional
12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured
13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged
14.[A]put[B]got[C]took[D]gave
15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather
16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced
17.[A]below[B]after[C]above[D]before
18.[A]jump[B]float[C]fluctuate[D]drop
replaceable
19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard
20.[A]necessary[B]possible[C]promising[D]helpful
翻译：
总体而言，人们在做出单个决定时，并不擅长参考背景信息。咋看之下，这似乎是种优势，赋予了人们做出不受外界因素影响的决定的能力。但是西蒙逊博士推测，不能考虑全局会导致决策者受他们经手的日常信息样本的影响而产生偏见。例如，他提出这样一种理论：一位法官因害怕对犯罪表现得过于宽容，如果他在一天中已经对五六名其他被告仅仅判处强制社区服务，那边更可能会将某人送入监狱。
为检验这一想法，他开始研究大学录取过程。理论上，一位申请者的成功不应取决于在同一天被随机抽取参加面试的其他几位申请者，但西蒙逊博士怀疑事实并非如此。
他研究了由31位招生人员进行的9323场MBA面试的结果。面试官将申请者按照1到5的等级分级。这一
评分等级会考虑多方因素。该分数随后与申请者的管理学院研究生入学考试（即GMAT考试，一种从800分的满分中评分的标准化测试）分数一起，被用来决定是否录用该申请者。
西蒙逊博士发现，如果在一天的面试者序列中，前一位应试者的分数比他/她前一位高0.75分或更多，那么下一位申请者的分数平均会降低0.075.这也许听起来微乎其微，但要抵消这一下降所带来的影响，则应试者的GMAT成绩将需要比正常情况下所需的分数高出30分。
2014年
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and nark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
①As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.②We suddenly can’t remember1we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintance’s name,or the name of an old band we used to love.③As the brain2,we refer to these occurrences as“senior moments.”④3seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)4impact on our professional, social,and personal5.
①Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done.②It6out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and the right mental7can significantly improve our basic cognitive8.③Thinking is essentially a9of making connections in the brain.④To a certain extent,our ability to10in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.
⑤11,because these connections are made through effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate12mental effort.
①Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step13and developed the first “brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental
14.
①The Web-based program15you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.②The program keeps16of your progress and provides detailed feedback
17your performance and improvement.③Most importantly,it18modifies and enhances the games you play to19on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n)20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
1.[A]why[B]when[C]that[D]where
2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]collapses[D]recovers
3.[A]While[B]Unless[C]Once[D]If
4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure
5.[A]relationship[B]environment[C]wellbeing[D]outlook
6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures
7.[A]responses[B]roundabouts[C]workouts[D]associations
8.[A]genre[B]criterion[C]circumstances[D]functions
9.[A]channel[B]process[C]sequence[D]condition
10.[A]excel[B]feature[C]persist[D]believe
11.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]Therefore
12.[A]instead of[B]regardless of[C]apart from[D]according to
13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around
14.[A]framework[B]stability[C]sharpness[D]flexibility
15.[A]hurries[B]reminds[C]forces[D]allows
16.[A]order[B]track[C]hold[D]pace
17.[A]to[B]on[C]for[D]with
18.[A]constantly[B]habitually[C]irregularly[D]unusually
19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take
20.[A]risky[B]familiar[C]idle[D]effective
翻译
很多人到了中年，往往开始注意到他们的记忆力没有以前好了，头脑也不如从前那样清晰了，我们突
然不记得刚才把钥匙放哪儿了，或是忘了一个老熟人或我们曾经喜爱的老乐队的名字。随着大脑的退化，我们将这些事件称作“瞬间性老年痴呆”。尽管貌似无害，这种大脑失焦有可能对我们的职业、社会以及个人幸福造成破坏性的影响。
神经学家——研究神经系统的专家日益表明，其实有很多方式可以应对这一现象。研究表明，就像肌肉需要锻炼一样，我们的大脑也需要锻炼，并且适当的脑力训练可以显著提高我们的基本认知功能。思考本质上是在大脑中建立连接的过程。在一定程度上，我们擅于建立促进智力的连接的能力是经遗传而得的。然而，由于这些连接是通过努力和练习而形成，因此科学家们相信，智力可以根据智力训练而拓展或波动。
如今，一家新型网络公司已更进一步研发了首个“大脑训练程序”，旨在真正帮助人们改善并恢复大脑灵敏度。
此项基于网路的程序能使人们系统地提高记忆力和注意力技能。该程序跟踪记录你的进步，并会对你的表现和改进提供详细反馈。最重要的是，它能不断地调整并加强训练内容，以增进你正在训练的能力——就像一项有效的日常锻炼，需要不断提高耐力并改变对肌肉的使用。

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