试题及答案1
Part One: J udge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (15×1’ = 15’)
1.Linguistics studies not any particular language, but languages in general.
2.  A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.
3.Language is culturally transmitted while animal call systems are genetically
transmitted.
4.Language is a simple entity with multiple layers and facets.
5.The classification of English consonants involves both manner of articulation and
place of articulation.
6.Morphology and syntax study the same aspect of language.
7.Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with
other words to form grammatical sentences.
8.Language is entirely arbitrary.
9.Major lexical categories are open categories.
10.Of the three branches of phonetics, acoustic phonetics is the longest established,
and until recently the most highly developed.
11.Meaning is central to the study of communication.
12.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.
13.Complete synonyms are rare in language.
14.The structure of words is not governed by rules.
15. The violations of the maxims make our language indirect.
Part two: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four
choices best completes the statement. (30×1’= 30’)
16.A scientific study of language is based on the _____ investigation of language
data.
A. symbolic
B. systemic
C. systematic
D. system
17. A linguistic theory is constructed about what _____ is and how it works.
A. langue
B. linguist
C. language
D. learning
18. The study of language as a whole is often called _____ linguistics.
A. particular
B. general
C. ordinary
D. generative
19. Traditional grammar regards the _____ form of language as primary, not the
spoken form.
A. oral
B. written
C. writing
D. vocal
20. According to F. de Sausure, ______ refers to the abstract linguistic.
A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D. language
21. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and
______.
A. words
B. sounds
C. objects
D. ideas
22. Language is ______ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of
new signals by its users.
A. instructive
B. constructive
C. intuitive
D. productive
23. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through _____, rather than
by instinct.
A. learning
B. teaching
C. only learning
D. both A and B
24. ______ phonetics looks at the sounds from the hearer’s point of view and studies
how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.
A. Articulatory
B. Auditory
C. Acoustic
D. Oral
25. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _____ sounds.
A. voiceless
B. voiced
C. vowel
D. consonantal
26. _____ [p] is a voiceless bilabial.
A. affricate
B. fricative
C. stop
D. liquid
27. A _____ is not a sound; it is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A. phoneme
B. phone
C. sound
D. speech
28. The word “boyish” contains two _____.
A. phonemes
B. morphs
C. morphemes
D. allomorphs
29. ______ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be
combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
30. ______ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of
speech of the original word.
A. Prefixes
B. Suffixes
C. Roots
D. Affixes
31. A sentence is considered ______ when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge
in the mind of native speakers.
A. right
B. wrong
C. grammatical
D. ungrammatical
32. The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.
A. large
B. small
C. finite
D. infinite
33. In the study of meaning, the _____ are interested in understanding the relations
between linguistic expressions and what they refer to in the real world.
A. linguists
B. philosophers
C. psychologists
D. phoneticians
34. Sence and reference are two related _____ different aspects of meaning.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. as well as
35. ______ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world.
A. Sense
B. Reference
C. Meaning
D. Semantics
36. Dialectal synonyms are synonyms used in different ______ dialects.
A. Personal
B. regional
C. social
D. professional
37. Hyponyms of the same ______ are co-hyponyms.
A. word
B. lexical item
C. superordinate
D. hyponymy
38. Words that are opposite in meaning are ______.
A. synonyms
B. hyponyms
C. antonyms
D. homophones
39. Once the notion of _____ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into
pragmatics.
A. meaning
B. context
C. form
D. content
40. If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of
communication, it becomes ______.
A. a sentence
B. an act
C. a unit
D. an utterance
41. A _____ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.
A. semantic
B. syntactic
C. pragmatic
D. grammatical
42. _____ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.
A. Speaking
B. Speech
C. Sound
D. Spoken
43. _____ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.
A. A locutionary
B. An illocutionary
C. A perlocutionary
D. A speech
44. All the utterances that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their
_____ form.
A. syntactic
B. semantic
C. grammatical
D. pragmatic
45. The Cooperative Principle is proposed by ______.
A. John Searle
B. John Austin
C. Paul Grice
D. John Lyons
Part three: Give the Chinese meaning of the following English terms.
(10×1’=10)
46. design feature 47. duality 48. connotation 49. stem
50. corticulation 51. speech community 52. prescriptive study
53. macrolinguistics 54. metalanguage 55. utterance
Part four: Define the following terms. (10×2’=20’)
56. linguistics 57. allophone 58. blending 59. assimilation
60. denotation 61. displacement 62. diachronic 63. root
64. illocutionary act 65. paradigmatic relation
Part five: Answer the following questions. (3×5’=15’)
66.How does the Semantic Triangle illustrate meaning? Please draw it and explain it
with example.
67.Please draw the tree diagram of the following sentence?
The man hit the colorful ball.
68.What is the difference between narrow transcription and broad transcription?
Answers
replaceablePart one (每小题1分，共15分)
1-5 TFTFT 6-10 FTFTF 11-15 TFTFT
Part two（每小题1分，共30分）
16-20 CCBBC 21-25 BDDBA 26-30 CACBA
31-35 CCBAB 36-40 BCCBD 41-45 CBCAC
Part three （每小题1分，共10分）
46. 结构特征47. 二重性48. 内涵49. 词干50. 协同发音51. 言语社团52.规定性研究53. 宏观语言学54. 元语言55.话语Part four （每小题2分，共20分）
56. Linguistics: is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
57. Allophone: the different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme.
58. Blending: a relatively complex from of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining t
he initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.
59. Assimilation: the change of a sound as a result of the influence.
60. Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world.
61. Displacement: one design feature of human language, which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present in time and space, at the moment of communication.
62. Diachronic: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history.
63. Root: the base form of a word that can’t further be analyzed without total loss of identity.
64. Illocutionary act: the act performed in saying something; its force is identical with the speaker’s intention.
65. Paradigmatic relation: a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the
others absent.
Part five (每小题5分，共15分)
66/67略68. The use of a simple set of symbols in our transcription is a broad transcription; the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as a narrow transcription.
试题及答案2
I、Multiple Choice. (40%)
There are 15 questions in this part. Choose A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet.
A    1. Beowulf is a ___ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal
society.
A. pagan
B. Christain
C. romantic
D. lyric
B    2.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a
comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a
whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely___.
A. William Langland’s Piers the Plowman
B. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales
C. John Gower’s Confessio Amantis
D. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
C 3. In “ Sonnet 18 ” ，Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the
destructive power of __C___ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves .
A. death/ life
B. time / beauty
C. death/ love
D. hate / love
C.  4. Which of the following poetic forms is the principle form of Shakespeare’s
drama?
A. lyric
B. sonnet
C. blank verse
D. quatrain
C    5. Which of the following statements best illustrate the theme of
Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?
A. The speaker eulogizes the power of nature.
B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.
C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.
D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.
A    6. Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver’s Travels?
A. Lilliput
B. Brobdingnag
C. Laputa
D. Houyhnhnms
B 7. Which of the following is NOT true about Robinson Crusoe?
A.It is written in the autobiographical form.
B.It is a record of Defoe’s own experiences.
C.Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island.

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