2013
年考研英语一真题答案及详解
2013年考研英语一真题答案及详解
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A[D]helpful
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)
Text1
In the2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her,Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the fev
erish would described in Overdressed,Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent release,and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a$5.95knit miniskirt in all its2,300-pius stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues.Americans,she finds,buy roughly20billion garments a year–about64items per person–and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since2008has made all of her own clothes–and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment–including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line–Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A]poor bargaining skill.
[B]insensitivity to fashion.
[C]obsession with high fashion.
[D]lack of imagination.
22.According to Cline,mass-maket labels urge consumers to
[A]combat unnecessary waste.
[B]shut out the feverish fashion world.
[C]resist the influence of advertisements.
[D]shop for their garments more frequently.
23.The word“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to
[A]accusation.
[B]enthusiasm.
[C]indifference.
[D]tolerance.
24.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?
[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
[D]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
25.What is the subject of the text?
[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
[B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.
Text2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?
In December2010America's Federal Trade Cornmission(FTC)proposed adding a"do not track"(DNT) option to internet browsers,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be
followed.Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.
On May31st Microsoft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer10,the version due to appear windows8,would have DNT as a default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch,Microsoft's chief privacy officer,bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control."Could it really be that simple?
26.It is suggested in paragraph1that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to:
[A]ease competition among themselves
[B]lower their operational costs
[C]avoid complaints from consumers
[D]provide better online services
27.“The industry”(Line6,Para.3)refers to:
[A]online advertisers
[B]e-commerce conductors
[C]digital information analysis
[D]internet browser developers
28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A]many cut the number of junk ads
[B]fails to affect the ad industry
[C]will not benefit consumers
[D]goes against human nature
29.which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?
[A]DNT may not serve its intended purpose
[B]Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C]DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
[D]Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30.The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
[A]indulgence
[B]understanding
[C]appreciation
[D]skepticism
Text3
Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change.You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millio
ns of years-so why shouldn't we?Take a broader look at our species'place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years(see "100,000AD:Living in the deep future").Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCN's"Red List"of threatened species,and you will read:"Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable, currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."
So what does our deep future hold?A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation,based in San Francisco,has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very long timescales.Its flagship project is a mechanical clock,buried deep inside a mountain in Texas,that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we should recognise a new geological era:the Anthropocene.They,too,are pulling the camera right back and asking what humanity's impact will be on the planet-in the context of stratigraphic time.
Perhaps perversely,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more imm
ediate future.The potential evolution of today's technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and it's perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many
possibilities we can envisage.That's one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure,the future is not all rosy:while our species may flourish,a great many individuals may not.But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today,and to make a future worth living in.
31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A]our desire for ares of fulfillment
[B]our faith in science and teched
[C]our awareness of potential risks
[D]our belief in equal opportunity
32.The IUCN“Rod List”suggest that human beings on
[A]a sustained species
[B]the word’s dominant power
[C]a threat to the environment
[D]a misplaced race
33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph5?
[A]Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
[B]Technology offers solutions to social problem.
[C]The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
[D]Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.
34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to
[A]explore our planet’s abundant resources.
[B]adopt an optimistic view of the world.
[C]draw on our experience from the past.
[D]curb our ambition to reshape history.
35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A]Uncertainty about Our Future
[B]Evolution of the Human Species
[C]The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.
[D]Science,Technology and Humanity.
Text4
replaceableOn a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an8-0defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
In Arizona v.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional

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