操作系统命令注⼊（Linux篇）
An A-Z Index of the Linux command line: bash + utilities.      Create an alias •
apropos  Search Help manual pages (man -k)
Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
Spell Checker
Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
b
Strip directory and suffix from filenames
bash    GNU Bourne-Again SHell
Arbitrary precision calculator language
Send to background
Set or display readline key and function bindings •
Exit from a loop •
Run a shell builtin
Compress or decompress named file(s)
c
Display a calendar
Conditionally perform a command
Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
Change Directory
Partition table manipulator for Linux
Change file attributes on a Linux file system
Change group ownership
Change access permissions
Change file owner and group
Run a command with a different root directory
System services (runlevel)
Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear    Clear terminal screen
Compare two files
Compare two sorted files line by line
Run a command - ignoring shell functions •
Resume the next iteration of a loop •
Copy one or more files to another location
Daemon to execute scheduled commands
Schedule a command to run at a later time
Split a file into context-determined pieces
Transfer data  from or to a server
Divide a file into several parts
d
Display or change the date & time
Desk Calculator
Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
Data recovery tool
Declare variables and give them attributes •
Display free disk space
Display the differences between two files
Show differences among three files
DNS lookup
Briefly list directory contents
Colour setup for `ls'
Convert a full pathname to just a path
Display list of remembered directories
Print kernel & driver messages
Estimate file space usage
e
Display message on screen •
Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
Eject removable media
Enable and disable builtin shell commands •
Environment variables
ethtool  Ethernet card settings
Evaluate several commands/arguments
Execute a command
Exit the shell
Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
Convert tabs to spaces
Set an environment variable
Evaluate expressions
f
Do nothing, unsuccessfully
Low-level format a floppy disk
Partition table manipulator for Linux
Send job to foreground
Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
Determine file type
Search for files that meet a desired criteria
Reformat paragraph text
Wrap text to fit a specified width.
Expand words, and execute commands
format  Format disks or tapes
free    Display memory usage
File system consistency check and repair
File Transfer Protocol
Define Function Macros
Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
g
Find and Replace text within file(s)
Parse positional parameters
Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
Add a user security group
Delete a group
Modify a group
Print group names a user is in
Compress or decompress named file(s)
h
Remember the full pathname of a name argument
Output the first part of file(s)
help    Display help for a built-in command •
Command History
Print or set system name
Interactive process viewer
i
Convert the character set of a file
Print user and group id's
Conditionally perform a command
Configure a network interface
Stop a network interface
Start a network interface up
Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
Copy files and set attributes
Report CPU and i/o statistics
Routing, devices and tunnels
j
List active jobs •
Join lines on a common field
k
Kill a process by specifying its PID
Kill processes by name
l
Display output one screen at a time
Perform arithmetic on shell variables •
Create a link to a file
Create a symbolic link to a file
Create a function variable •
Find files
Print current login name
Exit a login shell •
Display lines beginning with a given string
Line printer control program
Off line print
lprint  Print a file
lprintd  Abort a print job
lprintq  List the print queue
Remove jobs from the print queue
List file attributes on a Linux second extended file system      List block devices
List information about file(s)
linux登录命令List open files
List all PCI devices
m
make    Recompile a group of programs
Help manual
Create new folder(s)
Make FIFOs (named pipes)
Make a file
mkisofs  Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem      Make block or character special files
Make a temporary file
Display output one screen at a time
Browse or page through a text file
Mount a file system
Manipulate MS-DOS files
Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
Move or rename files or directories
Mass Move and rename (files)
n
Netcat, read and write data across networks
Networking connections/stats
Set the priority of a command or job
Number lines and write files
Run a command immune to hangups
Send desktop notifications
Query Internet name servers interactively
o
Open a file in its default application
Operator access
p
Modify a user password
Merge lines of files
pathchk  Check file name portability
Performance analysis tools for Linux
Test a network connection
List processes by name
Kill processes by name
Restore the previous value of the current directory
Prepare files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
Print environment variables
Format and print data •
Process status
Save and then change the current directory
Monitor the progress of data through a pipe
Print Working Directory
q
Display disk usage and limits
Scan a file system for disk usage
r
ram disk device
Archive files with compression
Copy files between two machines
Read a line from standard input •
readarray Read from stdin into an array variable •
Mark variables/functions as readonly
reboot  Reboot the system
Rename files
renice  Alter priority of running processes
remsync  Synchronize remote files via email
Exit a shell function
Reverse lines of a file
Remove files
Remove folder(s)
Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
Secure copy (remote file copy)
Merge two files interactively
Stream Editor
Accept keyboard input
Print numeric sequences
Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp    Secure File Transfer Program
Shift positional parameters
Shell Options
Shutdown or restart linux
Delay for a specified time
Find files
Sort text files
Run commands from a file '.'
Split a file into fixed-size pieces
Socket Statistics
Secure Shell client (remote login program)
Display file or file system status
Trace system calls and signals
Substitute user identity
Execute a command as another user
Print a checksum for a file
Suspend execution of this shell •
Synchronize data on disk with memory
t
Output the last part of file
Store, list or extract files in an archive
Redirect output to multiple files
Evaluate a conditional expression
Measure Program running time
Run a command with a time limit
User and system times
Change file timestamps
List processes running on the system
Set terminal-dependent capabilities, color, position
Trace Route to Host
Execute a command when the shell receives a signal •        Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
Do nothing, successfully
Topological sort
Print filename of terminal on stdin
Describe a command •
u
Limit user resources •
Users file creation mask
umount  Unmount a device
Remove an alias •
Print system information
Convert spaces to tabs
Uniquify files
Convert units from one scale to another
Extract files from a rar archive
Remove variable or function names
Unpack shell archive scripts
Execute commands (until error)
uptime  Show uptime
Create new user account
Delete a user account
Modify user account
List users currently logged in
Encode a binary file
Decode a file created by uuencode
v
v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir    Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
Text Editor
Report virtual memory statistics
w
Show who is logged on and what they are doing
Wait for a process to complete •
Execute/display a program periodically
Print byte, word, and line counts
Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program      Search the user's $path for a program file
Execute commands
Print all usernames currently logged in
Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
wget    Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
Send a message to another user
x
Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.
Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
Print a string until interrupted
Package and compress (archive) files.
Run a command script in the current shell
Run the last command again
Comment / Remark

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