（英语）高中必备英语阅读理解(教育文化)技巧全解及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类
  ．阅读理解1    By now you've probably heard about the you're not special speech, when English teacher
David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: Do not get the idea you're
anything special, because you're not. Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony 一 and a
whole lot of other parents across the Internet — took issue with McCullough's ego-puncturing
(伤自尊的) words. But lost in the uproar (喧嚣)was something we really should be taking to
heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they're particularly talented or
accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how
to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from
math to music to sports. In fact, it's not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view
ourselves as above average.    Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study and it's often exactly when
we're least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously, in a 2006
study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the
lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self evaluations, while high-scoring
students judged themselves much more strictly. Poor students, the authors note, lack insight
into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University
psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he
writes with coauthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden: they're not good at what they do,
and their very clumsiness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.    In Dunning and Kruger's study, subjects scoring at the bottom on tests of logic, grammar and
humor -extremely overestimated'' their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th
percentile (百分位数) they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in
addition 9 clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was meta cognitive skill the
capacity to monitor how well they're performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects
arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There's a paradox here, the authors note:
The skills that lead to competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary
to evaluate competence in that field? In other words, to get better at judging how well we're
doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself.    There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest
comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don't
possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to
accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who
will tell you not only how poorly you're doing, but just what it is that you're doing wrong. As
Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more
ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure
out exactly where and when you screwed up.    If we adopt these strategies — and most importantly, teach them to our children — they won't
)speaker, to tell them that they're special. They'll
毕业典礼need parents, or a commencement (
already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way. The author thinks the real problem is that        .            ）（1 A.no requirement is set up for young people to get better B.we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged C.we don't know whether our young people are talented or not D.young people don't know how to assess their abilities realistically We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students                  ）（2 proper grammarto cultivate clear logic andA.know how
B.tend to be very competent in their high-scoring fields 't view themselves as competent because they know their limitsC.don D.don't know how well they perform due to their strict self-judgement The strategies of becoming special suggest that        .            3（） A.we
need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from others B.the best way to get better is to carefully study past success and failure C.through comparison with others, one will know where and when he fails D.neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special Which can be the best title of this passage?            4）（ A.Tip On Making Ourselves More Special B.Let's Admit That We Are Not That Special C.Special or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It Out D.Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents D1）【答案】 （ B）（2 A）（3 C  ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，是特殊或者不是？我们要教会孩子理解它。作者认为真正的问题是年轻人不知道如何现实地评估自己的能力。想要变得特别，我们需要对自 己诚实和他人对我们的诚实。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But lost in the uproar （喧嚣）was something we

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