南京大学2006年博士研究生入学考试试题
Ⅰ％)
SECTION STRUCTUREANDVOCABULARY(40
Part A
Directions：Questions 1-10 are incomplete sentences．Beneath each sentence you will see four choices，marked A，B，C，and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet．(10％) 1．You don't object__________you by your first name，do you?
A．that I call B．for calling C．that I am calling D．to my calling
2．__________initial recognition while still quite young．
A．Most famous scientists achieved B．That most famous scientists achieved
C．Most famous scientists who achieved D．For most famous scientists to achieve
3．The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred
A．the area in which dinosaurs roamed B．when dinosaurs roamed the area
C．did dinosaurs roam the area D．dinosaurs roaming the area
4．Not until Kentucky's Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972__________．A．when Was its full extent realized B．that its full extent realized
C．was its full extent realized D．the realization of its full extent
5．__________three times in a row，the boxer decided to give up fighting．
A．Because having been defeated B．Because being defeated
C．Having been defeated D．Having defeated
blond6．A membership card authorizes__________the club's facilities for a period of 12 months．A．the holder using B．the holder's use
C．the holder to use D．the holder uses
7．At no time should we be__________by success．
A．carried off B．carried away C．carried down D．carried out
8．The Sydney express was__________for two hours by the sudden storm．
A．held down B．held with C．held out D．held up
9．There are no solitary，free-living creatures；every form of life is__________other forms．A．dependent to B．depended to
C．depended on D．dependent on
10．Iceland lies far noah in the Atlantic，with its northernmost tip actually__________the Arctic Circle．
A．touched B．touches C．touching D．being touched
Part B
Directions：In questions 11-20，each sentence has four underlined pans which are marked A，B，C，and D．Identify the one that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct．Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet．(10％)
11．No one cares about if he appears at the meeting next year or not．If it happens he will be
A B C
made to apologize for his careless comments．
D
12．Even a one-minute delay will destroy arrangements of the meeting if you don't
A B C
schedule your time well．
D
13．School counselors are convinced that it will be obligatory that everyone must have some
A B C computer training in order to enter the job market．
D
14．The age of a geological sample can be estimated from the ratio of radioactive to
A B
nonradioactive carbon present in the object is examined．
C D
15．Dams vary in size from small rock barriers to concrete structures many feet height．
A B C D 16．Geologists at the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory rely on a number of instruments to
A B C
studying the volcanoes in Hawaii．
D
17．As secretary of transportation，he worked to help the bankrupt railroads in the northeastern
A B
United States solved their financial problems．
C D
18．After having studied so hard for more than two months，he felt confidently of success．
A B C D 19．Photographs printed in newspaper usually have a caption underneath to explain what they
A B C
are about．
D
20．Overhead railway，whose tracks are elevated out of the way of surface traffic，might have
A B C
been one possible solution to heavy traffic in big cities．
D
Part C
Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passages there are four choices which are marked A，B，C，and D．Identify the best one in questions 21-40 to complete the incomplete sentences．Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet．(20％) The sculptural legacy that the new United States 21 its colonial predecessors was 22 a rich one，a
nd 23 ，in 1776 sculpture as an art form was 24 in the hands of artisans and craftspeople．Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see 25 today in old burial grounds．Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural
decorations， 26 carved wooden shop signs and ships'figureheads． 27 they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style，they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group 28 from what we normally 29 as”sculptors” 30 the word．
21．A．inherited from B．inherited to C．adapted to D．adopted to
22．A．nearly B．far from C．rarely D．so much
23．A．in fact B．however C．since D．consequently
24．A．still B．not C．no more D．ever
25．A．stood B．being stood C．standing D．being standing
26．A．however others B．while the others
C．while others D．however the others
27．A．But B．Although C．Since D．For
28．A．distincted B．distincting C．being distinct D．distinct
29．A．thought of B．thought C．think of D．think
30．A．as today's usage of B．in today's usage of
C．as today's use of D．in today's use of
31 ，optical illusion can cut highway crashes．Japan is a case 32 ．It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads 33 nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion．Bent stripes，called chevrons 34 the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are，and thus
drivers slow down．Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D．C．is planning to 35 Japan's success．Starting next year，the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes．Excessive speed plays a major role 36 one rift of all fatal traffic accidents，according to the foundation． 37 those accidents，the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are 38 curves，exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges．Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars painted across roads can initially 39 the average speed of drivers in half． 40 ，traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar．
31．A．Believing it or not to B．Believe it or not to
C．Believing it or not D．Believe it or not
32．A．in point B．to point C．by point D．on point
33．A．by B．to C．at D．over
34．A．painted on B．being painted on C．painted in D．being painted in
35．A．remake B．reproduce C．imitate D．repeat
36．A．in so much as B．in as much as C．to as much as D．to so much as 37．A．Helping to reduce B．To help reduce
C．Helping reducing D．To help reducing
38．A．the greatest B．the greater C．the better D．the best
39．A．cut B．increase C．produce D．press
40．A．Therefore B．However C．Consequently D．As a result
Ⅱ％)．
SECTION READING COMPREHENSION(30
Directions：In this section you will read four passages．Each one is followed by several
questions about it．For questions 41-60，you are to choose the one best answer A，B，C，or D to each question．Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet．
Passage One
As a wise man once said，we are all ultimately alone．But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at all even earlier age．This isn't the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations，but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape，embraced by sociologists，real-estate developers and ad executives alike．The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle，observes a French sociologist，is part of the”irresistible momentum of individualism”over the last century．The communications revolution，the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans'private lives．
Europe's new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence，the current generation of home-stoners came of age during Europe's shift from social democracy to the sharper，more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism． Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice，today's tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love a
s well as economics．Modem Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone，and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so．
Once upon a time，people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens，while pensioners，particularly elderly women，make up a large proportion of those living alone，the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice．Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold，while being together suggested warmth and light．But then came along the idea of singles．They were young，beautiful，strong! Now，young people want to live alone．
The booming economy means people are working harder than ever．And that doesn't leave much room for relationships．Pimpi Arroyo，a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris，says he hash't got time to get lonely because he has too much work．”I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult。” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle，he says．Kaufmann，author of a recent book called”The Single Woman and Prince Charming，”thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates，so relationships don't last long-if they start at all．Eppendorf，a blond Berliner with a deep t
an，teaches grade school in the mornings．In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps，resting up for going dancing．Just shy of 50，she says she'd never have wanted to do what her mother did give up a career to raise a family．Instead，”I' ve always done what I wanted to do：live a self-determined life．”
41．More and more young Europeans remain single because__________．
A．they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age
B．they are pessimistic about their economic future
C．they have embraced a business culture of stability
D．they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism
42．What is said about European society in the passage?
A．It is getting closer to American-style capitalism．
B．It has limited consumer choice despite a free market．
C．It is being threatened by irresistible privatization．
D．It has fostered the trend towards small families．
43．According to Paragraph 3，the newest group of singles are__________．
A．negative and gloomy C．healthy and wealthy
B．on either side of marriage D．warm and lighthearted
44．The author quotes Eppendorf to show that__________．
A．some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom
B．most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable
C．some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely
D．the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe
45．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism．
B．To examine the trend of young people living alone．
C．To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships．
D．To review the impact of women becoming high earners．
Passage Two
It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out，and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict．If the things to be found are actually new，they are by definition unknown in advance．You cannot make choices in this matter．You either have science or yon don't，and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information，along with the neat and promptly useful bits．
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant a．bout nature．Indeed，I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology．It is，in its way，an illuminating piece of news．It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead．It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect．In earlier times，we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem，or simply made up stories to fill the gaps．Now that we have begun exploring in earnest，we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are，and how far from being answered．Because of this，we are depressed．It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant；the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance，the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots，but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted．
But we are making a beginning，and there ought to be some satisfaction．There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered，sooner or later，including even the matter of consciousness．To be sure，there may well be questions we can't think up，ever，and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect，but that is another matter．Within our limits，we should be abl
e to work our way through to all our answers，if we keep at it long enough，and pay attention．46．According to the author，really good science__________．
A．Would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment
B．Will produce results which cannot be foreseen
C．Will help people to make the right choice in advance
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