第四部分翻译部分
2010年真题
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或者只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. .
I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May,that is was Easter Sunday,and as yet very early in the m
orning.I was standing at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation,but exalted,as was usual,and solemnized by the power of dreams.There were the same mountains,and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height,and there was interspace far large between them of meadows and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and mo living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves,and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved,just as I had really seen them,a little before sunrise in the same summer,when that child died.
英译汉
Text1
The culture of China is changing rapidly,and undoubtedly rapid change is needed.The change that has hitherto taken place is traceable ultimately to the military superiority of the West;but in future our economic superiority is likely to be quite as potent.I believe that,if the Chinese are left free to assimilate what they want of our civilization,and to reject what strikes them as bad,they will be able to achieve an organic growth from their own tradition,and to produce a very splendid result,combinin
g our merits with theirs.There are,however,two opposite dangers to be avoided if this is to happen.The first danger is that they may become completely Westernized,retaining nothing of what has hitherto distinguished them,adding merely one more to the restless, intelligent,industrial,and militaristic nations which now afflict this unfortunate planet.The second danger is that they may be driven,in the course of resistance to foreign aggression,into an intense anti-foreign conservatism as regards everything except armaments.This has happened in
Japan,and it may easily happen in China.The future of Chinese culture is intimately bound up with political and economic questions;and it is through their influence that dangers arise.
(Bertrand Russell)
Text2
Rather than going out to meet people in person,it seems that there's a growing tendency to sofalize–socialize with friends and family via electronic devices in the home.Those of us who prefer to talk to our friends without having to step through the front door,in fact have a variety of ways of sofalizing at our disposal,including texting,e-mail,instant messenger,Skype,Twitter, live chat,status updates or wall posts on Facebook,and the communication networks associated with online gaming.There may be m
any reasons why people are choosing to sofalize rather than socialize–convenience,laziness,time pressure,the expense of going out,or just a desire to avoid lengthy conversations.The term sofalizing is,of course,a blend of the words sofa(=soft, comfortable seat)and socializing,where this describes the activity of spending time with other people socially–in other words,socializing whilst lounging around on a sofa.
Psychologists say that there are dangers in the trend towards sofalising.Spending too much time playing computer games and social networking will change how our brains operate, shortening attention spans,making us less sympathetic and more self-centred.
Text3
I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time.Being in company,even with the best,is soon wearisome and dissipating.I love to be alone.I have never found a companion that was as friendly as solitude.We are for the most par t lonelier when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our homes.
A man thinking or working is always alone.
Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellow men.The really diligent student in one of the crowded rooms of a college is as a hermit in the desert.The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day,weeding or chopping,and not feel lonesome,because he is employed.But when he comes home at night,he cannot be alone.He must be where he can see“the folks”,and he thinks,repay himself for his day’s solitude.So he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without boredom and the“blues”.But he does not realize that the student,although in the house,is still at work in his field,and chopping in his woods.
Text4
Defining the meaning of“happiness”is a perplexing proposition;the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle.To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others,living in a mansion made of marble,having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits,will do to set the greedy extreme.
To think of happiness as the joy of a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme.He sits completely still,contemplating the nature of reality,free even of his own body.If admirers bring him foo
d,he eats it;if not,he starves.Why be concerned?What is physical is trivial to him. To contemplate is his joy and he achieves complete mental focus through an incredibly demanding discipline,the accomplishment of which is itself a joy to him.
Text5
The balance of nature is a very elaborate and very delicate system of checks and counterchecks.It is continually being altered as climates change,as new organisms evolve,as animals or plants permeate to new areas.But the alterations have in the past,for the most part, been slow,whereas with the arrival of civilized man,their speed has been multiplied manifold: from the evolutionary time-scale,where change is measured by periods of ten or a hundred thousand years,they have been transferred to the human time-scale in which centuries and even decades count.
Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature.He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions,sometimes deliberately,sometimes unconsciously.He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants,or with houses,factories,slag-heaps and other products of his civilization.He exterminates some species on a large scale,but favors the multiplication of others. In brief,he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million.
Text6
When I am in a serious humor,I very often walk by myself in Westminster Abbey;where the gloominess of the place,and the use which it is applied,with the solemnity of the building,and the condition of the people who lie in it,are apt to fill the mind with a kind of melancholy,or rather thoughtfulness,that is not disagreeable.I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the churchyard,the cloisters,and the church,amusing myself with the tombstones and inscriptions that I met with in those several regions of the dead.
Most of them recorded nothing else of the buried person,but that he was born upon one day, and died upon another;the whole history of his life being comprehended in those two circumstances,that are common to all mankind I could not but look upon these registers of existence,whether of brass or marble,as a kind of satire upon the departed persons;who had left no other memorial of them,but that they were born and that they died.
汉译英
Text1
如果我们承认流行词汇是风向标，那么，正被许多人挂在嘴边的“孩奴”，代表着一种令人忧虑的倾向。它说明，我国的整整一代人都开始为要不要为人父母而犹豫不决。它甚至能说明，在一个长久以来将亲子之情视作基石的社会里，生儿育女头一次在大范围内被认为是
一种负担而不是一种幸福。
生活成本，尤其是城市生活的成本，让许多人感到压力。这是我们正面临的现实，它部分是我们为文明发展付出的代价，部分则是我们社会结构失衡的恶性后果。将“孩奴”一词挂在嘴边的这代人，许多刚独立挑起生活重担。他们面临一个正被贫富分化、心态失衡等因素慢慢撕裂的社会，并在对美好生活的期望与现实的落差间挣扎。他们习惯性地将这一切主要归因于外部不公，充满牢骚和抱怨。
将生儿育女视为劳役，并与买房、买车相提并论的观念，是一种草率而不负责任的联想。它是对世界的消极逃避而不是积极面对。而急匆匆地将这种观点加以传播，并津津乐道，则是一种鲁莽的冒险。
Text2
开卷有益，是古人奖励读书的一句成语。从前读到一册坏书，读后每觉得为古人所欺；现在多了一点智识，反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。总之，好书读了，原有所得，就是可以知道它的好处在哪里，可是坏书读了，而知道它的坏的原因与地方，岂不也是一得？从前孔子说的“三人行，必有我师”之意，
也不一定是从正的一方面着想，反过来在负的一方面，也何尝不可以为鉴戒。因此，从前是非有定评之书不读的，现在却马勃牛溲，一例的都想看看了，这大约总也是一种进步的现象。（郁达夫）
Text3
我常常听人说，他想读一点书，苦于没有时间。我不太同意这种说法。不管他是多么忙，他总不至于忙得一点时间都抽不出来。一天当中如果抽出一小时来读书，一年就有365小时，十年就有3650小时，积少成多，无论什么研究都会有惊人的成绩。
（1）零碎的时间最可宝贵，但也最容易丢弃。（2）我记得陆放翁有两句诗：“呼僮不应自升火，待饭未来还读书。”这两句诗给我的印象很深。（3）待饭未来的时候是颇难熬的，用来读书岂不甚妙？我们的时间往往于不知不觉中被荒废掉。
hermit（4）例如，现在距开会还有50分钟，于是什么事都不做了，磨磨蹭蹭，50分钟便打发掉了。如果用这时间读几页书，岂不较为受用。
Text4
(1)中国是一个地域辽阔，有着数千年悠久历史的多民族国家，有着秀丽的自然风光、众多的名胜古迹和丰富多彩的灿烂文化，旅游资源十分丰富。
(2)改革开放以来，中国经济以年平均近10%的速度持续增长，各项事业蓬勃发展，人民生活水平显著提高，为旅游业的兴旺奠定了坚实的基础。
(3)中国政治稳定，经济发展，市场繁荣，中国政府坚持对外开放，积极发展与世界各国的关系，也为旅游业的发展创造了极为有利的条件。
Text5
当然恐惧还是有些道理的。我们正处在一个变化的时代。我们深感变化的必要性，我们正在变，我们必须变。
(1)我们抵挡不住变化，就像树叶到秋天挡不住要变黄、变枯，球茎在春天挡不住要钻出土壤，萌出新芽一样。
(2)我们正在变，我们正处于变化的阵痛之中，正将是一场伟大的变化。
(3)本能让我们感觉到，直觉使我们认识到这种变化。
(4)他们害怕了，因为变化带来痛苦，同时每逢重要的转变时期，一切都捉摸不定，而有
生命的东西最容易受到伤害。
Text6
历史的道路，不会是平坦的，有时走到艰难的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。
(1)一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。
(2)有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于期间，回环曲折，极其险峻。
民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。
(3)人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。
(4)志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，因是高高兴兴的向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，越能感到一种冒险的美趣。

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