A FAMOUS QUOTE Without music, life would be a mistake. ——Friedrich Nietzsche 音乐是生命的支柱。 ——弗里德里希·尼采 Friedrich Nietzsche （1844-1900）, German-Swiss philosopher and writer, one of the most influential of modern thinkers.He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science. 弗里德里希·威廉·尼采（Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche，1844～1900）德国-瑞士哲学家、作家，同时也是最有影响力的现代思想家之一。他写的批评主题学说涉及到宗教信仰、道德品行、当代文化、哲学和科学等领域。 Speaking Activity Making an Appointment Sample Dialogue Read the following conversation.Pay attention to how the speakers make an appointment. Cindy:Dr.Peterson's office.How can I help you? David: I'd like to make an appointment.Would Dr.Peterson be able to see me at 9:30 tomorrow? Cindy: I'm sorry, but he hasn't got any openings until 11:00, unless there's a cancellation. David: Would 1:00 in the afternoon be convenient? Cindy: Yes, he's free then.May I have your name? David: Yes, it's David Lain. Cindy: Have you seen Dr.Peterson before? David: Yes, I had a physical examination last year. Cindy: Right.I've scheduled you in for 1:00 o'clock. David: Thank you. Guided Practice Directions: Work with your partner and make up a situation in which you invite your partner to a dinner.You may use the following tips to help you. Are you available on … ？ Can we meet on …? Is…convenient for you? What about … ？ Yes, … is fine. Sorry, I'm afraid I can't… Text A New Words 1、universal adj.done by or involving all the people in the world or in a particular group 全世界的；共同的 2、define v.to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is 解释（词语的含义）；给…下定义 3、melody n.a tune, especially the main tune in a piece of music written for several instruments or voices 旋律；曲调；（尤指）主旋律 4、beat v.to make, or cause something to make, a regular sound or movement（使）规律作响，作节奏运动 5、tune n.a series of musical notes that are sung or played in a particular order to form a piece of music 曲调；曲子 6、personal adj.your own; not belonging to or connected with anyone else 个人的；私人的 7、definition n.what an idea, ans 定义 8、vary v.to be different from each other in size, shape, etc.（大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别 9、bucket n.an open container with a handle, used for carrying or holding liquids, sand, etc.（有提梁的）桶 10、shudder v.to shake because you are cold or frightened, or because of a strong feeling 发抖，打颤，战栗 11、variety n.several different sorts of the same thing 不同种类，多种式样 12、genre n.a particular type or style of literature, art, film or music that you can recognize because of its special features 体裁，类型 13、perspective n.the ability to think about problems and decisions in a reasonable way without exaggerating their importance 客观判断力；权衡轻重的能力 14、icebreaker n.a thing that you do or say, like game or a joke to make people feel less nervous when whey first meet 消除隔阂的行动，活跃气氛的话 15、option n.something that you can choose to have or do; the freedom to choose what you do 可选择的事物；选择 16、evoke v.to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind 引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象） 17、soothe v.to make somebody who is anxious, upset, etc.feel calmer 安慰；抚慰；劝慰 18、unwind v.to stop worrying or thinking about problems and start to relax 放松；轻松 19、comfort v.to make somebody who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind and sympathetic towards them 安慰；抚慰；宽慰 n.a person or thing that helps you when you are suffering, worried or unhappy 令人感到安慰的人（或事物） 20、motivate v.to make somebody want to do something, especially something that involves hard work and effort 推动…甘愿苦干；激励；激发 21、pump v.（of a liquid）to flow in a particular direction as if it is being forced by a pump （液体）涌出：涌流；奔流 22、productive adj.doing or achieving a lot 有效益的；富有成效的 23、creativity n.the ability to use your imagination to produce new ideas, make things, etc.创造力 24、aspect n.a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc.; a way in which it may be considered 方面；层面 25、instrument n.an object used for producing musical sounds, for example a piano or a drum 乐器 26、imagination n.the ability to create pictures in your mind; the part of your mind that does this 想象力；想象 27、crave v.to have a very strong desire for something 渴望；热望 28、addiction n.the condition of being addicted to something 瘾；入迷；嗜好 29、cope v.to deal successfully with something difficult （成功地）对付，处理 30、tension n.a situation in which people do not trust each other, or feel unfriendly towards each other, and which may cause them to attack each other 紧张局势（或关系、状况） 31、inspiration n.the process that takes place when somebody sees or hears something that causes them to have exciting new ideas or makes them want to create something, especially in art, music or literature 灵感 32、unlock v.to undo the lock of a door, window, etc., using a key（用钥匙）开…的锁 Phrases and Expressions 1、relate to to be able to understand and have sympathy with somebody/something 产生共鸣；领略；了解；认同 2、in hand used to say an undertaking is being dealt with 正在处理中 Text A Pre-reading Questions 1.Do you enjoy listening to music? What kind of music do you like best? 2.Do you agree that music is a universal language? Music as a Universal Language The importance of music in our lives cannot be defined with words.It is the air we breathe and the thoughts we think.It is the melodies that beat to the tune of our hearts.It is the universal language that we can all understand and relate to, even when our personal definitions vary.①Music is a very valuable tool throughout the world. I am not a musician.I couldn't carry a tune in a big old bucket, yet I still sing along with my favorite song.②I shudder at the thought of life without music.Music is a very important part of my world and without it I don't know how I would have come as far as I have.③ Music is variety.Because there are many different styles and genres of music, there is something for everyone.Although we may not always like every type of music on the market, the variety makes music universal. Music is the voice we long for when we can't find words to speak.Many people will agree that there are songs that were written just for them.④Songs can sometimes say things better than we could have said them .They can express our emotions though we didn't really know we felt that way.Music can put things into perspective.⑤ Music is a great icebreaker.There are a lot of topics to be discussed when it comes to music.⑥If you are talking about music, dead silence isn't an option.Playing music in the background at parties will help calm your guests.Music sets the mood and makes things happier. Music speaks to our emotions.It evokes memories.It can remind us of happy times.It can help us relate to experiences.It can bring a smile to our face or tears to our eyes.Music is a link to our soul. Music soothes, and relaxes us.Music is a great way to unwind.It helps us feel better when we are blue.⑦It comforts us when we are lonely, yet it makes us realize that we aren't alone. Music motivates us.Listening to music can prepare us for many possibilities.It gets our blood pumping and points us in the right direction.Music can make us feel more productive.It prepares us for the task in hand. Music gives us a means of creativity.There are many aspects to music, such as playing an instrument, writing the words, or even dancing.If we use music to help us create, our imagination has no limits. I need music like the flowers need rain.I crave it like a child craves candy.It is a healthy addiction and a pleasant way of coping with the many tensions of life.Music is as important to me as breathing and food.It is my escape, my comfort, and my inspiration.Music is the key that unlocks my soul. Key Sentences 1、It is the universal language that we can all understand and relate to, even when our personal definitions vary. 即使我们个人对音乐的定义各不相同，它也是我们都能理解和产生共鸣的通用语言。 2、I couldn't carry a tune in a big old bucket, yet I still sing along with my favorite song. 我虽然唱歌跑调，却仍爱哼唱我最喜欢的歌曲。 3、Music is a very important part of my world and without it I don't know how I would have come as far as I have. 音乐是我的世界中非常重要的一部分，没有音乐我就不知道自己将会怎么样。 4、Many people will agree that there are songs that were written just for them. 很多人都认为那些歌曲好像正是为他们而写的。 5、Music can put things into perspectives. 音乐让我们更好地看待事物。 6、There are a lot of topics to be discussed when it comes to music. 当聊到音乐的时候，我们有很多可以讨论的话题。 7、It helps us feel better when we are blue. 它能在我们忧郁的时候，帮助我们感觉好一点。 Notes 1.can't carry a tune （in a bucket）: （figurative）to be unable to sing a simple melody; lacking musical ability Exercises ⅠChecking Your Comprehension Directions: Choose the best answer to each question from the information given in the passage. 1.What can we learn about the author? A）The author prefers classical music. B）The author is poor at singing. C）The author has written many songs. D）The author is a student in a music school. [答疑编号506494050301：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】B 【解析】第二段前两句I am not a musician.I couldn't carry a big old bucket, yet I still sing along with my favorite song.我不是音乐家。我虽然唱歌跑调，却仍爱哼唱我最爱的歌曲。答案为B。 | | |
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2.According to the author, what makes music universal? A）Creativity. B）Motivation. C）Variety. D）Melody. [答疑编号506494050302：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】C 【解析】第三段最后一句… the variety makes music universal，音乐风格的多样性确实让音乐成为全世界的普遍的。答案为C。 | | |
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3.What does the author say about music compared with words? A）Music has the same functions as words. B）Music can't express our emotions as clearly as words. C）Music sometimes is more powerful than words. D）Music can bridge the gap between people with different languages. [答疑编号506494050303：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】C 【解析】整个第四段作者都在讲，当我们不到合适的语言来表达感情的时候，音乐能很好地传递情感。答案为C。 | | |
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4.Why does the author say "music is a great icebreaker"? A）Music can help people calm down at a noisy party. B）Music can put people in a good mood. C）Music is a very good topic for people to start a conversation. D）Music silences people when they listen to it. [答疑编号506494050304：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】C 【解析】第五段第二、三句 There are a lot of topics to be discussed when it comes to music.If you are talking about music, dead silence isn't an option.当聊到音乐的时候，我们有很多可以讨论的话题。如果你们谈论音乐，就不会有死一般的沉寂了。答案为C。 | | |
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5.When we are alone, if we listen to music , _______ . A）we may feel even lonelier B）we will feel we are never alone C）we may be moved to tears D）we may instantly become happy [答疑编号506494050305：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】B 【解析】第七段最后一句It comforts us when we are lonely, yet it makes us realize that we aren't alone，当我们孤独的时候它能宽慰我们，它让我们意识到自己不是一个人。答案为B。 | | |
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Ⅱ Building Your Vocabulary Section A Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brackets. 1.Dictionary writers must be skilled in the art of ________ .（define, definition） [答疑编号506494050306：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】definition 【解析】of后应填入名词形式。define, v.给……下定义、解释；definition, n.定义、解释。答案为definition。 | | |
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2.The doctor believes that he is wasting _______ time and effort.（valuable, valueless） [答疑编号506494050307：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】valuable 【解析】名词time and effort 前缺少限定它们的形容词。valuable, adj.宝贵的、有价值的；valueless, adj.不足道的、无价值的。结合句意“医生认为他是在浪费宝贵的时间和精力”,空格处应填valuable。答案为valuable。 | | |
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3.To keep fit, we all need ___________ in our diet.（vary, variety） [答疑编号506494050308：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】variety 【解析】宾语不全，缺少名词。vary, v.有别、使多样化；variety, n.不同种类、多种式样。答案为variety。 | | |
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4.Finally he turned to his tutor for help because he had other ___________.（option, optional） [答疑编号506494050309：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】option 【解析】缺少宾语，应填入一个名词。option, n.可选择的事物、选择；optional, adj.可选择的、随意的。答案为option。 | | |
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5.Can you _______ what it would be like to live without electricity? （imagine, imaginative） [答疑编号506494050310：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】imagine 【解析】谓语部分不全，需要填入动词。imagine, v，想象、设想；imaginative, adj.富有想象力的、虚构的。答案为imagine。 | | |
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6.His noble example _______ the rest of us to greater efforts.（inspired, inspiration） [答疑编号506494050311：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】inspired 【解析】缺少谓语，应填入动词。inspire, v.鼓舞、激励，使产生灵感；inspiration, n.灵感。注意本句时态可以用一般过去时。答案为inspired。 | | |
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Section B Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary. productive creativity ⑤aspect ③addiction ①universal ⑥personal ②comforted ④motivation | |
1.To people living in Britain, weather is a subject of almost _______ interest. [答疑编号506494050312：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】universal 【解析】名词interest前缺少限定它的形容词。universal，全世界的、共同的。译文，生活在英国的人们，天气几乎是普遍感兴趣的话题。答案为universal。 | | |
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2.She _______ herself with the thought that it would soon be spring. [答疑编号506494050313：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】comforted 【解析】comfort with 固定搭配，安慰、用……来安慰。注意时态前后保持一致，应该用一般过去时。译文，她用春天很快就到了这个想法来安慰自己。答案为comforted。 | | |
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3.The promising actress died of alcohol _______ at an early age. [答疑编号506494050314：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】addiction 【解析】缺少宾语，应填入名词。addiction, n.瘾、入迷。译文，这位崭露头角的女演员，早年死于酗酒。答案为addiction。 | | |
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4.Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks _______ . [答疑编号506494050315：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】motivation 【解析】动词lack后没有宾语。motivation, n.动力。译文，杰克是一名聪明的学生，但他缺少动力。答案为motivation。 | | |
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5.This was one _______ of her character he hadn't seen before. [答疑编号506494050316：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】aspect 【解析】宾语不全，缺少名词。aspect, n.方面、层面。译文，这是她以前未曾发现的性格中的一面。答案为aspect。 | | |
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6.The records will include other _______ details such as nationality, date of birth and address. [答疑编号506494050317：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】personal 【解析】名词details前缺少限定它的形容词。personal, adj.个人的、私人的。译文，这份记录将包括有关个人的其他信息，比如国籍、出生时间和地址。答案为personal。 | | |
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Section C Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word. 1.The aircraft was flying _______ a northerly direction. [答疑编号506494050318：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】in 【解析】译文：飞机正在向北飞去。in … direction为固定搭配，意为向……方向。答案为in。 | | |
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2.I shudder with fear at the _______ of telling her the bad news. [答疑编号506494050319：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】thought 【解析】译文：一想到告诉她这个坏消息，我就吓得浑身颤抖。at the thought of…固定搭配，一想到就……。答案为thought。 | | |
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3.Our distinguished guests will arrive at nine, as _______ as we know. [答疑编号506494050320：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】far 【解析】译文：据我所知，贵宾将在九点到达。as far as we know 固定搭配，据我们所了解。答案为far。 | | |
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4.Some adults can't relate _______ their children. [答疑编号506494050321：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】to 【解析】译文：一些家长并不了解他们的孩子。relate to固定搭配，与……相关、了解。答案为to。 | | |
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5.We should get down to the project _______ hand as soon as possible. [答疑编号506494050322：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】in 【解析】译文：我们应该尽快着手做正在处理中的项目。in hand 固定搭配，意为在手中、在手头（随时可用）。get down to固定搭配，开始干、着手做。答案为in。 | | |
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6.Finally the load was lifted by _______ of a crane. [答疑编号506494050323：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】means 【解析】译文：最后，我们借助起重机吊起了货物。by means of固定搭配，通过、凭借。答案为means。 | | |
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ⅢBridging the Gap Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage.You may choose a suitable one from the list given. training tours get up public centres travelled because heard of lived by and | |
Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers in musical history.He was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770.Both his father Johann ① his grandfather Ludwig were musicians. [答疑编号506494050324：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】① and 【解析】① 根据句意，他的父亲和祖父都是音乐家。both…and… 意为既……又……，用子连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词。答案为and。 | | |
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His father gave him early musical ② and hoped that the boy would become a musical genius like Mozart.He forced him to ③ in the middle of the night and practise the piano. [答疑编号506494050325：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】② training；③ get up 【解析】② 缺少宾语，应填入名词形式。musical training指音乐方面的训练，training是动名词。答案为training。 ③ do sth.强迫某人做某事；应填入动词原形。答案为get up。 | | |
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When he was seven, Beethoven started playing in ④ and at the age of 13 became an assistant organist at a chapel in Cologne.In 1787 he ⑤ to Vienna, where he met Mozart, but after a short stay he had to go back to Bonn ⑥ his mother had died.He returned to Vienna in 1792, where he stayed until his death. [答疑编号506494050326：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】④ public；⑤ travelled；⑥ because 【解析】④ in public固定搭配，当众、公开地。答案为public。 ⑤ 缺少谓语，应填入动词。travel to Vienna指到维也纳旅行。答案为travelled。 ⑥ 缺少表示原因的连词。可以用because引导原因状语从句。答案为because。 | | |
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Vienna was one of the great musical ⑦ of Europe during this time.Some of the city's upper class citizens had already ⑧ Beethoven and were interested in his music. [答疑编号506494050327：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】⑦ centres；⑧ heard of 【解析】⑦ 宾语不全，缺少一个名词。one of musical centres of Europe指欧洲音乐中心之一。答案为centres。 ⑧ heard of固定搭配，听说、听说过。答案为heard of。 | | |
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They gave him money to live and study there.In Vienna, Beethoven also met Joseph Haydn and became his pupil for a short time.The Viennese thought that Beethoven was a strange man because of his untidy appearance.He had wild black hair and ⑨ his own rules. [答疑编号506494050328：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】⑨ lived by 【解析】⑨ live by固定搭配，靠……生活、依据……生活。live by his own rules指根据自己的规则生活。答案为lived by。 | | |
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During his time in Vienna, he became more and more famous, gave great concerts and went on ⑩ to Berlin and Prague. [答疑编号506494050329：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】⑩ tours 【解析】⑩ went on后边加名词或动名词。tour, n.旅行。答案为tours。 【参考译文】 路德维希·凡·贝多芬是音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。他1770年出生在德国波恩，他的父亲和祖父都是音乐家。 他的父亲给他早期的音乐方面的训练并且希望他的儿子能够成为像莫扎特一样的音乐天才。父亲强迫他半夜就起床练习弹钢琴。 他7岁时就开始公开演出，13岁在科隆的礼拜堂成为一名凤琴演奏家。在1787年，他旅行去了维也纳，在那里他见到了莫扎特。但是在短暂逗留之后，他不得不返回波恩，因为他的母亲去世了。在1792年他重返维也纳并留在那里直至去世。 在那个时期，维也纳是欧洲的最伟大的音乐中心之一。一些城市的上流阶层已经得知（了解）贝多芬而且对他的音乐很感兴趣。在那些城市里，他们给贝多芬钱资助他的生活和学习。在维也纳贝多芬也见到了约瑟夫·海顿并且成为他的学生一段短暂的时间。由于他的不整洁的外貌，维也纳人认为贝多芬是个怪人。他留着乱蓬蓬的黑长发，根据自己的规则生活。 在维也纳期间他变得越来越出名，他举行很多场音乐会并到柏林及布拉格进行巡回演出。 | | |
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Ⅳ Translation Section A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in the brackets. 1.The book aims to cover ________________________________ （城市生活的各个方面）.（aspect） [答疑编号506494050330：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】every aspect of city life 【解析】aspect, n.方面、层面。答案为every aspect of city life。 | | |
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2.Teachers have ________________________________ about the changes （表示忧虑）.（express） [答疑编号506494050331：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】expressed their worry 【解析】express, v.表达、表示。答案为expressed their worry。 | | |
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3.There is ________________________________（种类繁多的图案）to choose from.（a variety of） [答疑编号506494050332：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】a variety of patterns 【解析】a variety of + n.固定搭配，各式各样、多种多样。注意后边名词应该用复数形式。答案为a variety of patterns。 | | |
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4.Josie had ________________________ （表示愿意当向导）.（offer） [答疑编号506494050333：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】offer to be our guide 【解析】offer, v.提供、提议、出价。offer to do 主动去做。答案为offer to be our guide。 | | |
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5.He is now ________________________________（努力戒酒）.（addiction） [答疑编号506494050334：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】making efforts to quit drinking addiction 【解析】addiction, n.瘾、入迷。答案为making efforts to quit drinking addiction。 | | |
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Section B Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. When children go to music class in school, they often do not understand why it is important for them to study the history of classical music.The truth is that, although it may sound vastly different, classical music is the basis of all other music.Without it, we would not have all of the many genres of music that we enjoy listening to today.Classical music may not be as appealing to the modern ears as other genres, but it is important for everyone to know its history. [答疑编号506494050335：针对该题提问] | | | 【参考译文】当孩子们在学校上音乐课的时候，他们通常都不理解为什么学习古典音乐史非常重要。事实上，古典音乐是其他各种音乐的基础，尽管它听上去有很大的不同。没有古典音乐，我们就不可能听到如今可以享受的那么多种类型的音乐流派。虽然古典音乐可能不像现代音乐那么吸引人那么入耳，但是知道它的历史对于每个人都是很重要的。 | | |
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Ⅴ Organizing Your Ideas Directions: Put the following sentences in the proper order so that they make.a complete paragraph. 1.For example, he chooses the music that is to be played at a concert and decides how it should be played - loud or soft, fast or slow. 2.A conductor directs the musicians with a stick, called the baton. 3.Then he calls the musicians to rehearsals. 4.He does important things before the performance. 5.During rehearsals, he often requires sections or individual musicians play their parts over and over again until the sound is perfect. [答疑编号506494050336：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】排列句子顺序： 2 — 4— 1 —3 —5 【解析】本段话用了拟人的手法来介绍“指挥棒”。首先，作者讲什么是指挥棒。很明显第2句应放在句首。接着，作者介绍指挥棒的作用。我们可以根据排练的先后顺序来排序。第4句和第1句，是“他”在排练前所发挥的作用；第3句和第5句讲“他”在排练中起到的作用。 | | |
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Ⅵ Reflecting on the Text There are different types of music, and people have different tastes in music.Some people enjoy classical music while others like pop music.What's your favorite type of music? Does music soothe or distract you? [答疑编号506494050337：针对该题提问] | | | 【参考译文】 有不同种类的音乐，人们对音乐的品味也不同。一些人喜欢古典音乐，另一些人喜欢流行音乐。你喜欢什么类型的音乐？音乐使你平静还是使你分心？ 【解题思路】 本作文要求写明你喜欢的音乐类型和对你的影响。下面给出了提纲。 1.写明你喜欢的音乐类型。比如， As to me, I like rock and roll music more than other else. 2.给出具体理由。比如，The melodies and the rhythms of rock roll are stronger and more powerful, so they can convey me energy and enthusiasm when.I listen to them. 3.概括总结音乐对自己的影响。比如，Music is like a friend of mine, which makes my life happier and brighter. | | |
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Text B New Words 1、warehouse n.a building where large quantities of goods are stored, especially before they are sent to shops/stores to be sold 仓库；货栈；货仓 2、brochure n.a small magazine or book containing pictures and information about something or advertising something 资料（或广告）手册 3、getaway n.a short holiday/vacation; a place that is suitable for a holiday/vacation 短假；假日休闲地 4、standard adj.average or normal rather than having special or unusual features 普通的；正常的；标准的 5、routine n.the normal order and way in which you regularly do things 常规；正常顺序 6、sample v.to experience something for a short time to see what it is like 尝试；体验 7、suitcase n.a case with flat sides and a handle, used for carrying clothes, etc.when you are travelling （旅行用的）手提箱 8、pack v.to put clothes, etc.into a bag in preparation for a trip away from home 收拾（行李）；装（箱） 9、stretch n.a continuous period of time （连续的）一段时间 10、endless adj.continuing for a long time and seeming to have no end永久的；不断的；无休止的 11、temporary adj.lasting or intended to last or be used only for a short time; not permanent 短暂的；暂时的；临时的 12、staging post n.a place where people, planes, ships, ularly stop during a long journey 中途站（或机场、停靠码头） 13、somehow adv.for a reason that you do not know or understand 由于某种未知的原因；不知为什么 14、afterwards adv.at a later time; after an event that has already been mentioned 以后；后来 15、coincidence n.the fact of two things happening at the same time by chance, in a surprising way（令人吃惊的）巧合，巧事 16、restore v.to bring back a situation or feeling that existed before 恢复（某种情况或感受） 17、switch v.to change or make something change from one thing to another （使）改变，转变，突变 18、pattern n.the regular way in which something happens or is done 模式；方式 19、suspended animation n.a feeling that you cannot do anything because you are waiting for something to happen 蛰伏状态 20、grind n.an activity that is tiring or boring and takes a lot of time 令人疲劳（或厌倦）的工作；苦差事 21、space n.a period of time 一段时间；期间 22、tend v.to be likely to do something or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens 往往会；常常就 23、recreational adj.connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working 娱乐的；消遣的 24、relaxation n.ways of resting and enjoying yourself; time spent resting and enjoying yourself 放松；休息；消遣；用于放松消遣的时间 25、naturally adv.in a way that you would expect 顺理成章地；自然地；当然地 26、relation n.the way in which two or more thing are connected （事物之间的）关系，关联，联系 27、punctuate v.to interrupt something at intervals不时打断 28、pinpoint v.to find and show the exact position of somebody/something or the exact time that something happened 明确指出；确定（位置或时间） 29、landmark n.an event, a discovery, an invention, etc.that marks an important stage in something （标志重要阶段的）里程碑 30、marker n.an object or a sign that shows the position of something （表示方位的）标记，记号 31、recall v.to remember something记起；回忆起；回想起 32、adventure n.an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of events 冒险；冒险经历；奇遇 33、potential adj.that can develop into something or be developed in the future 潜在的；可能的 Phrases and Expressions 1、look forward to to be thinking with pleasure about something that is going to happen （because you expect to enjoy it）（高兴地）盼望，期待 2、make a, no, some, etc.difference to have an effect/no/some effect on somebody/something 有（或没有、有些等）作用，关系，影响 3、in itself considered separately from other things in its true nature 本身；本质上 4、over time as time passes 随着时间的过去 Text B Pre-reading Questions 1.Do you like vacations? What do you most like about vacations? 2.What reasons do you think the author may give for our need for vacations? Why We Need Vacations There's more to a vacation than can be described in a warehouse full of travel brochures.①We certainly need breaks from work.But there is even more to be said for a getaway break, leaving all standard routines behind and sampling a different life for a short while. The benefits of taking a vacation start long before the suitcases are packed.A vacation is something to look forward to and keeps long stretches of routine from seeming endless.It may only be a temporary staging post but looking ahead to a vacation gives us the sense that, whatever's happening at the moment, there's an end in sight.We somehow expect to feel differently afterwards and are usually proved right.② It's no coincidence that companies sometimes use away-breaks to restore motivation and team relationships.③If you're able to switch off and leave everyday patterns behind, when you come back, you often view old situations with fresh eyes and see them in a new light.If nothing else, noticing how your thoughts or mood can change on vacation proves that it's possible to feel differently.Yet taking a break is only part of the picture. People don't disappear while on vacation or go into suspended animation.We're still thinking and feeling the whole time we're away.What really makes the difference is not simply getting away from the old grind; it's being able to do something else instead.④We might speak to people we wouldn't normally meet, try sports we'd not do otherwise and discover interests we never knew we had. Vacations also allow us to focus on the present in a way that's hard to do at home.When you're in a new environment for a short space of time, your attention tends to be on what's happening right now and in the next few days.⑤Sightseeing walks and other recreational activities keep our minds even more in the here and now.This does much more than provide a few pleasant experiences.Being "in the moment" is in itself one of the keys to relaxation, and this happens more naturally on vacation. Useful as they are in relation to the future, vacations can be even more important in relation to the past.Like major holidays and the change of seasons, vacations punctuate the year and give it a unique character.Ask someone about a certain period of time and they'll pinpoint it by going back over landmark events.Vacations are one of these markers.You often hear people recall, for example, that "it was the year we went to Disneyland" or "right after we got back from camping".Family vacations can be some of clearest memories people have from their childhoods and important parts of a family's shared history.⑥ Over time our vacations add colour and quality to our personal life stories.Every vacation is an adventure full of potential discoveries.Perhaps, more than anything else, vacations enable us to raise our eyes from familiar paths so that we can look around and see that there's a world out there. Key Sentences 1.There's more to a vacation than can be described in a warehouse full of travel brochures. 关于度假的好处，绝非仓库中堆满的旅游手册所能穷尽。 2.We somehow expect to feel differently afterwards and are usually proved right. 不知道为什么，我们总是期待度假后会有不同的感受，而事实也往往如此。 3.It's no coincidence that companies sometimes use away-breaks to restore motivation and team relationships. 有时候一些公司采取休假制度来恢复动力鼓励员工，加强团队关系，这并不是巧合。 4.What really makes the difference is not simply getting away from the old grind; it's being able to do something else instead. 真正有意义的不仅仅是摆脱旧差事，而是能够去做其他什么事情。 5.When you're in a new environment for a short space of time, your attention tends to be on what's happening right now and in the next few days. 当你在一个全新的环境里待了一段时间，你的注意力往往就在当前发生的和近几天的事情上。 6.Family vacations can be some of clearest memories people have from their childhoods and important parts of a family's shared history. 全家度假可能是人们童年时期印象最清晰的事情，也是一家人分享其历程最重要的部分。 Notes 1.Disneyland: a US amusement park based on the characters in the films/movies of Walt Disney Exercises ⅠChecking Your Comprehension Section A Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y （for Yes）if the statement agrees with the information given in the text; N （for No）if the statement contradicts the information given in the text; NG （for Not Given）if the information is not given in the text. （ ）1.You can't feel the excitement of a vacation until you are on the road. [答疑编号506494050601：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】N 【解析】第二段第一、二句The benefits of taking a vacation start long before the suitcases are packed.A vacation is something to look forward to… 可以看出，在假期开始前很长一段时间我们都在期待当中。题干说法不符合文意。答案为N。 | | |
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（ ）2.People feel differently when they come back from a vacation. [答疑编号506494050602：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】Y 【解析】第三段第二句… when you come back … in a new light … prove that it's possible to feel different.你再回来的时候，你通常就能用新的眼光来开看待旧问题。如果没有这样，注意到你的思想或是心情在假期中可能会发生改变，这证明了不同感觉的可能性。答案为Y。 | | |
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（ ）3.Away-breaks can help restore employees' motivation. [答疑编号506494050603：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】Y 【解析】第三段开头作者讲到，一些公司采取休假制度来恢复动力鼓励员工，加强团队关系。答案为Y。 | | |
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（ ）4.Your mind will stop working while you are on vacation. [答疑编号506494050604：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】N 【解析】第四段开头People don't disappear while on vacation … we're still thinking and feeling the whole time we're away.可以看出，即使暂时离开了工作岗位，但人们的思想还 要一直在思考。题干不符合文意。答案为N。 | | |
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（ ）5.People will try new things while they are on vacation. [答疑编号506494050605：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】NG 【解析】第四段最后We might speak to people we wouldn't normally meet, try sports we'd not do otherwise and discover interests we never knew we had.这几句话具体说了在假期里，我们可以尝试新鲜事物；但是具体做没做文章没有提到。答案为NG。 | | |
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（ ）6.Vacations are even more important than major holidays. [答疑编号506494050606：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】NG 【解析】文章没有给出信息说假期和重大节假日哪个更重要。答案为NG。 | | |
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Section B Directions: Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 1.With a getaway break, we can _______ and experience a different life. [答疑编号506494050607：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】leave all standard routines behind 【解析】第一段第三句…a getaway break, leaving all standard routines behind and sampling a different life for a short while.答案为leave all standard routines behind。 | | |
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2.When we are looking forward to a vacation, the long stretches of routine will not _______ . [答疑编号506494050608：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】seem endless 【解析】第二段第二句…and keeps long stretches of routine from seeming endless.答案为seem endless。 | | |
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3.After a vacation, people will look at old situations _______ . [答疑编号506494050609：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】with fresh eyes and see them in a new light 【解析】第三段第二句when you come back, you often view old situations with fresh eyes and see them in a new light.答案为with fresh eyes and see them in a new light。 | | |
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4.Having a vacation is not only about getting away from the old grind but also about being able to _______ . [答疑编号506494050610：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】do something else instead 【解析】第四段第三句…is not simple getting away from the old grind; it's being able to do something else instead.答案为do something else instead。 | | |
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5.When people recall a certain period of time, they will pinpoint it by going back over _______ . [答疑编号506494050611：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】landmark events 【解析】第六段第三句…they will pinpoint it by going back over landmark events.答案为landmark events。 | | |
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6.The author believes that vacations add _______ to our life. [答疑编号506494050612：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】colour and quality 【解析】第七段开头句… our vacations add colour and personal life stories.答案为colour and quality。 | | |
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ⅡBuilding Your Vocabulary Section A Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brackets. 1.A long holiday in the coastal city will help you _______ after your exams.（relax, relaxation） [答疑编号506494050613：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】relax 【解析】help sb.（to）do sth.固定搭配，帮助某人做某事。应填入动词原形。relax, v.放松； relaxation, n.放松、休息、消遣。答案为relax。 | | |
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2.The young actress speaks and behaves _______ on the stage.（natural, naturally） [答疑编号506494050614：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】naturally 【解析】缺少副词，修饰动词speak和behave。natural, adj.自然的；naturally, adv.自然地、顺理成章地。答案为naturally。 | | |
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3.Her recently published book is a _______ best-seller.（potential, potentially） [答疑编号506494050615：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】potential 【解析】名词best-seller前缺少修饰它的形容词。potential, adj.潜在的、可能的；potentially, adv.潜在地。答案为potential。 | | |
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4.The hours of waiting seemed _______ .（end, endless） [答疑编号506494050616：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】endless 【解析】系表结构，seem后缺少形容词。end, v.结束；endless, adj.永久的、无休止的。答案为endless。 | | |
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5.His only _______ are drinking beer and watching football.（recreation, recreational） [答疑编号506494050617：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】recreations 【解析】主语不全，应填入名词。recreation, n.休闲、娱乐（活动）; recreational, adj.娱乐的、消遣的。谓语are提示主语应用复数名词。答案为recreations。 | | |
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6.She couldn't wait to tell us about her _______ in Africa.（adventures, adventurous） [答疑编号506494050618：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】adventures 【解析】宾语不全，缺少名词。adventure, n.冒险、奇遇、冒险经历； adventurous, adj.勇于冒险的、敢于创新的。这里用adventures，表示多个冒险经历。答案为adventures。 | | |
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Section B Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary. ⑥somehow ①routine pack ②restore ④switching ⑤patterns tend ③recalled | |
1.He checks under the car for bombs as a matter of _______ . [答疑编号506494050619：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】routine 【解析】of + n.固定用法，作后置定语。routine, n.例行公事、日常工作。答案为routine。 | | |
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2.The government needs to __________ confidence in the economy. [答疑编号506494050620：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】restore 【解析】need to do sth.固定用法，需要做某事。restore, v.恢复（某种情况或感受）。答案为restore。 | | |
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3.As I _______ , it was you who suggested this idea in the first place. [答疑编号506494050621：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】recalled 【解析】从句没有谓语，应填入动词。recall, v.记起、回想起。本句时态前后应保持一致，用一般过去时。答案为recalled。 | | |
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4.She worked as a librarian before _______ to journalism. [答疑编号506494050622：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】switching 【解析】switch to固定搭配，切换到、转换成。介词before后跟动名词。答案为switching。 | | |
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5.The psychologist is studying behaviour _______ among high-school students. [答疑编号506494050623：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】patterns 【解析】behaviour pattern固定搭配，行为模式。答案为patterns。 | | |
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6.Don't worry.We'll get the money back _______ . [答疑编号506494050624：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】somehow 【解析】缺少副词。somehow, adv.想个方法、用某种方式。答案为somehow。 | | |
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Section C Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word. 1.The young nurse tried to focus her mind _______ her work. [答疑编号506494050625：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】on 【解析】译文：年轻的护士努力让自己的思想集中在工作上。focus … on固定搭配，专注、集中。答案为on。 | | |
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2.The government tried to assure the people that victory was _______ sight. [答疑编号506494050626：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】in 【解析】译文：政府努力让人们相信，胜利在望。in sight固定搭配，看得见、在望。答案为in。 | | |
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3.Everybody enjoyed themselves _______ vacation. [答疑编号506494050627：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】on 【解析】译文：每个人都很享受他们的假期。on vacation固定搭配，在假期、度假。答案为on。 | | |
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4.Their fondness for each other has grown _______ time. [答疑编号506494050628：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】over 【解析】译文：随着时间的推移，他们彼此间的爱更加深了。over time固定搭配，随着时间的过去。答案为over。 | | |
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5.Having a good teacher has _______ all the difference for Alex. [答疑编号506494050629：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】made 【解析】译文：有一个好老师对亚历克斯来说影响很大。make … difference固定搭配，有……作用、关系、影响。注意本句是现在完成时。答案为made。 | | |
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6.They got married secretly long _______ the wedding. [答疑编号506494050630：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】before 【解析】译文：在举行婚礼前很久，他们就秘密登记了。long before固定搭配，很早以前、在……以前很久。答案为before。 | | |
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Ⅲ Translation Section A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in the brackets. 1.My boss is ________________________ （精力充沛）and she always works in an efficient way.（full of） [答疑编号506494050631：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】full of energy 【解析】be full of为固定搭配，意为充满了。答案为full of energy。 | | |
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2.My family and I _______________________（期待在下个月见到你）.（look forward to） [答疑编号506494050632：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】look forward to seeing you next month 【解析】look forward to固定搭配，盼望、期待。这里的to是介词，后边应填入 -ing形式。答案为look forward to seeing you next month。 | | |
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3.People ________________________（往往会发胖）after giving up cigarettes because they turn to snacks as a substitute.（tend to） [答疑编号506494050633：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】often tend to get fat 【解析】tend to + be + adj.固定搭配，有……倾向。答案为often tend to get fat。 | | |
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4.If we want to ________________________ （提前一个月完成这项工程的话）,we have to hurry with it.（ahead of time） [答疑编号506494050634：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】finish the project one month ahead of time 【解析】ahead of time固定搭配，提前、提早。答案为finish the project one month ahead of time。 | | |
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5.Some people can ________________________ （恢复他们的视力）by a surgical operation.（restore） [答疑编号506494050635：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】restore their eyesight 【解析】restore, v .恢复（某种情况或感受）。答案为restore their eyesight。 | | |
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Section B Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Camping is a very popular form of living outdoors.It gives people the opportunity to spend their free time close to nature or in the wilderness.Camping may start by spending the night in a tent in your own backyard and end up by going on a trip that may last for several weeks.Some campers stay in one place for days, a week or even longer.From there they visit tourist attractions, go fishing or hunting, play games and do active sports like mountain biking or just simply relax.Others prefer to tour the area and spend every night in a different place.They travel by car or in a motor home. [答疑编号506494050636：针对该题提问] | | | 【参考译文】露营是非常受欢迎的一种户外生活方式。它给人们一个机会来消磨他们的自由时间，来接近大自然，或是野生环境。露营可以把在自家后院扎个帐篷过夜为起点，而将为期几周的户外短途旅行为终点。一些露营者在一个地方呆上几天，一个礼拜或是更长时间。从那里他们参观旅游景点，去钓鱼或是打猎，玩游戏，还有做一些挑战性的运动，例如山地自行车越野之类的,或者就是仅仅简单地休息一下。还有些人喜欢到处转转，每天晚上在不同的地方过夜。他们开车去旅行或是住在房车里。 | | |
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ⅣWriting Section A Directions: Rewrite the following by putting the short sentences into compound or complex sentences, or sentences with participial, prepositional, or other phrases. Example: The dean issued a bulletin.It said the library would remain open on weekends. Revision: The dean issued a bulletin which said the library would remain open on weekends. 1.The girl is standing at the gate.She is my girlfriend. [答疑编号506494050637：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】The girl （who is）standing at the gate , is my girlfriend. 【解析】可以用分词作后置定语，修饰同一个主语the girl，使句子更简练。答案为The girl （who is）standing at the gate , is my girlfriend. | | |
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2.He learned English for ten years.He had a good command of English. [答疑编号506494050638：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】He had learned English for ten years, so he had a good command of English. 【解析】前后两句互为因果关系，可以用so引导的结果状语从句。答案为He had learned English for ten years, so he had a good command of English. | | |
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3.There was a picture on the wall.The picture attracted my attention. [答疑编号506494050639：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】The picture on the wall attracted my attention. 【解析】on the wall是用来表示picture的位置的，可以作其后置定语。答案为The picture on the wall attracted my attention. | | |
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4.Linda was the most hard-working student in my class.Linda always got the highest score. [答疑编号506494050640：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】Linda, who was the most hard-working student in my class, always got the highest score. 【解析】前后两句的主语一致，因此可使用定语从句来引导句子。答案为Linda, who was the most hard-working student in my class, always got the highest score. | | |
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5.He didn't like physics at all.His father was a physics teacher. [答疑编号506494050641：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】He didn't like physic at all though his father was a physics teacher. 【解析】两句话之间是转折关系，可以用although/though 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管、即使”。但是although一般用于句首，不可用于句中（除非是作为从句的开头）。答案为He didn't like physic at all though his father was a physics teacher. | | |
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Section B Directions: Renumber the sentences given below to arrange them in what you think is the best order. 1.First, separate recyclable materials from the rest of your garbage: paper, plastic, metal, glass, and Styrofoam can all be recycled. 2.Recycling is a great way to solve the problem of too much garbage. 3.Next, you should clean any food or dirt from the recyclable materials. 4.Here is how you can recycle in your daily life. 5.Finally, take the bags down to your local garbage truck and the truck will take them to a recycling centre. 6.Then separate the different materials into different bags. 7.For example, plastic should be placed in one bag, metal in another, and paper in yet another. [答疑编号506494050642：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】排列句子顺序： 2 — 4— 1 —3 —6 —7 —5 【解析】本段讲了垃圾分类，可以根据垃圾分类过程的先后顺序来排序。根据第2句句意，垃圾回收是解决大量垃圾问题的重要方法。很明显它应是总起句，应该放在段首。从第4句开始，一步一步介绍如何进行垃圾分类。第1句中开头的first已经给出了信息，应放在第4句后；根据句子开头的next, then, finally，我们很容易排出顺序。其中第7句是对第6句的进一步解释。 | | |
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Grammar in Focus 非谓语动词：分词（Non-Finite Verbs: Participles） 分词是出现频率较高的另一种非谓语动词形式，在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可用作定语、状语、表语以及宾语补足语。分词包括现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 一、现在分词和过去分词的区别 现在分词和过去分词在句中的作用非常相似。现在分词一般有主动的意思，过去分词一般有被动的意思；现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，常可译为“令人……的”，过去分词多用于表示主语所处的状态；现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经结束或完成。如： the exploiting class （剥削阶级） the exploited class （被剥削阶级） the developing countries （发展中国家） the developed countries （发达国家） The news is exciting.（这个消息令人兴奋。） She was quite excited at the news.（听了这个消息，她非常兴奋。） 二、分词的时态和语态 现在分词有一般式和完成式两种形式，分词的一般式表示分词表示的动作和主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如果分词表示的动作先于主句谓语动词表示的动作，那么分词就要采用完成形式。过去分词一般只用于表示完成的和被动的动作，因此，只有一种形式，没有完成式和被动式。例如： The students came into the classroom, laughing and talking. Having settled all the problems, they went home. Asked to work overtime last Saturday, I missed a wonderful concert. Having been told the wrong address, we had to go back home empty-handed. 分词除肯定形式外，还有否定形式。分词的否定形式是在分词前直接加not。例如： Not knowing your address, I can't get in touch with you. Not having finished my term paper, I didn't dare to meet my supervisor. 三、分词的用法 1.作状语 分词短语作状语，用于表示时间、原因或伴随状况，对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或说明。 Seeing those pictures, he couldn't help thinking of those days they spent together. Not having received a prompt reply, he decided to send them another email. Exhausted by the whole day's hard work, I soon fell asleep. They stood there for almost two hours watching the football game. ●提示 用分词作状语时，要牢记不论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语保持一致。 2.作定语 分词可以作定语，修饰一个名词，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。例如： The man speaking in front of the blackboard is our teacher. The factory making TV sets is run by the local community. This is the English dictionary recommended by our teacher. 3.作宾语补足语和主语补足语 分词可以用在某些动词的宾语后作宾语补足语。例如： When I entered the room, I found him reading something aloud. He was surprised to find his room, thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order. His remarks left me wondering about his real purpose. ●提示 上述句子在转换成被动语态后，原来的宾语补足语也就相应地成了主语补足语。例如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. They should be kept informed of the goings-on here. 四、独立主格结构 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语保持一致，但有时分词也会有一个自己的逻辑上的主语，这个逻辑主语放在分词前面，与分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系，这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，故称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构的句法作用相当于一个状语从句或伴随状语。例如： Christmas being a holiday, the shops were all closed. All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. 独立主格结构有时也可由介词with或without引导，构成“with（without）+名词或代词宾格＋分词”结构，句法作用与独立主格结构相同。例如： The student hurried to the classroom, with his face covered with sweat. I can't fall asleep with the light burning. Exercises Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1.People cannot but feel ________ for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. A）puzzle B）to puzzle C）puzzling D）puzzled [答疑编号506494050701：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】D 【解析】译文：人们感到莫名的困惑，因为他们无法理解为什么他能犯如此愚蠢的错误。此处的feel相当于系动词be的用法，其后可以接分词作表语，A和B错；C是现在分词表示事物所具备的特征，意为“令人……”，其主语是物；D是过去分词表示所存在的状态，其主语是人，本题puzzle的逻辑主语是people。答案为D。 | | |
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2.________ the financial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator. A）Deprived of B）Having deprived of C）Depriving of D）To be deprived of [答疑编号506494050702：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】A 【解析】译文：由于被剥夺了赖以保持独立的经济来源，汤姆斯爱迪生不得不做一位夜间电报员。根据句意知deprive of的逻辑主语是Thomas Edison，其与主语之前是动宾关系，要用被动语态，B和C错；D中的不定式表示目的或者将来，不合题意。答案为A。 | | |
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3.________ some guests were coming, they got the rooms ready. A）Having told B）To tell C）Having been told D）Telling [答疑编号506494050703：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】C 【解析】译文：得知客人要来，他们把客房都准备好了。根据句意知tell的逻辑主语是they，他们之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，A，B和D都错。且tell这个动作发生在主句谓语动词got之前，要用完成时态。答案为C。 | | |
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4.Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ________ in a short period of time. A）being created B）to have been created C）having been created D）to be created [答疑编号506494050704：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】C 【解析】译文：我们的现代文明不应被认为是短期内可以完成的。首先think of as是一个固定短语，意为“认为”，其后要接名词或相当于名词的短语作宾语。根据句意可知create的逻辑主语是our modern civilization，要用被动语态，而且create这个动作发生在thought of as之前（即现代文明的创造要先于人们对文明的认识之前），所以要用完成时。答案为C。 | | |
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5.All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A）were cancelled B）had been cancelled C）having cancelled D）having been cancelled [答疑编号506494050705：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】D 【解析】译文：所有航班因暴风雪取消了，我们决定坐火车。首先分析逗号前后两个句子并无连接词，所以前面那个不是一个独立的句子，A，B不符合；主语all flights 和cancel 之间是动宾关系， cancel 要用被动语态，C错； cancel 发生在位于decided 之前，要用完成时。其实逗号前面是一个独立主格。答案为D。 | | |
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6.England's chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ________ the most important of these. A）have been B）are C）be D）being [答疑编号506494050706：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】D 【解析】译文：英国主要出口煤，汽车以及棉制产品，其中汽车是最重要的出口项。首先分析句子结构，逗号前后两个句子之间没连接词，因此后面要用非谓语动词，A，B和C错。答案为D。 | | |
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7.The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when ________ . A）completed B）completing C）to be completed D）having completed [答疑编号506494050707：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】A 【解析】译文：这艘火箭完工时重约200吨。根据句意complete的逻辑主语是the rocket，他们之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态；本题可以理解为when后面省略了主语the rocket （it）is。主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。答案为A。 | | |
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8.His presence at the meeting was regarded ________ a special meaning. A）for having B）as having C）to have D）in having [答疑编号506494050708：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】B 【解析】译文：人们认为他出席会议有特别的用意。be regarded as 意为“被认为是”，其后接名词或相当于名词的词，是固定用法。答案为B。 | | |
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9.Our car ________ down half way, we had to run to the nearest rescue station for help. A）breaks B）broke C）breaking D）having broken [答疑编号506494050709：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】D 【解析】译文：我们的车半路上坏了，我们不得不求助于最近的急救站。首先分析句子结构知逗号前后的句子之间没有连接词，因此前面要用非谓语动词，A和B错；break的逻辑主语是our car，他们之间是主谓关系，要用主动语态；且break发生在had to run之前，要用完成时，C错。答案为D。 | | |
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10.Life is a candle ________ to burn ever brighter. A）being meant B）meaning C）to mean D）meant [答疑编号506494050710：针对该题提问] | shudder | | | 【答案】D 【解析】译文：生命是一支蜡烛，应该燃烧得更亮的。mean to do意为“打算，计划”,mean doing意为“意味着”,be meant to do应做，必须做，意欲；固定搭配。答案为D。 | | |
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11.Without the sun's light ________ the earth's surface, it would be so cold that life could not exist on the earth. A）warms B）warmed C）warming D）to warm [答疑编号506494050711：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】C 【解析】译文：如果没有太阳光温暖地球，地球将会因为过于寒冷而不存在生命。首先分析句子结构，由逗号连接的两个句子之间没有连接词，前面句子要用非谓语动词形式。warm和其逻辑主语the sun's light之间是主谓关系，要用现在分词形式表主动。由without引导的这个独立主格作后面句子的状语，表条件。答案为C。 | | |
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12.She said very little, responding only briefly when ________ . A）speaking B）spoken to C）spoken D）speaking to [答疑编号506494050712：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】B 【解析】译文：她说话很少，当有人跟她说话的时候她也只是简短地作出回应。根据句意知speak to的逻辑主语是she，他们之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，而speak后面只能接语言或者说话的内容，不能接人，C错。其实when后面省略了she was。答案为B。 | | |
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13.________ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A）Given B）To give C）Giving D）Having given [答疑编号506494050713：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】A 【解析】译文：关注更多一些的话，这些树会长得更好。独立主格作伴随状语。分析知give more attention的逻辑主语是the trees，他们之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词表被动。答案为A。 | | |
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14.The speaker, _________ for her wonderful speeches, was warmly received by the audience. A）having known B）being known C）knowing D）known [答疑编号506494050714：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】D 【解析】译文：这位因其精彩的演讲而知名的演讲者受到了听众的热烈欢迎。be known for意为“因……而知名”，显然the speaker是被别人知晓，knew要用过去分词表被动，且分析句子结构知此处要填非谓语动词。答案为D。 | | |
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15.Every day millions of Americans flock to their drugstores to buy vitamins and minerals, ________ that these pills can help to prevent serious illnesses. A）convincing B）convinced C）to convince D）to be convinced [答疑编号506494050715：针对该题提问] | | | 【答案】A 【解析】译文：每天都有数百万美国人蜂拥到药店去购买维生素和矿物质，因为他们相信这些药物有助于预防严重疾病。分析知convince的逻辑主语是millions of Americans，他们之间是主谓关系，要用主动语态，B和D错；又不定式表示目的，此处应该用现在分词表原因。答案为A。 | | |
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Tips for English Learning Checking on Your Progress Do you feel you aren't making any progress? Try repeating some of the exercises you have already done, and see if you do better than you did the first time.You may be pleasantly surprised. It is important to recognize that improvement in language learning is a very gradual process.The goals that you have to set yourself in order to achieve language competence may seem very difficult to achieve.Since progress comes little by little, it may be hard to spot at first.If you think about where you are today, and where you were last week or last month, maybe you won't feel you have come very far.But if you think about where you were six months or a year ago, you will probably realize that you have made significant progress.That is cause for celebration.It should reassure you that, if you stick at it, you will reach your goals eventually! [答疑编号506494050716：针对该题提问] | | | 【参考译文】 你感觉到你正在进步吗？试着重做一些你以前已经做过的练习，看看是否比你第一次做的好。你可能会有惊喜。 认识到语言学习的提高是一个循序渐进过程，这一点很重要。为了成功获得语言能力你不得不给自己设定一些目标，但要达到这些目标可能非常困难。由于进步是一点一滴的，最初很难看到自己取得的成绩。如果你只是想到今天你的英语水平，对比上个星期或上个月的水平，你可能认为你没有什么进步。但是如果你对比六个月以前或者一年以前你的水平，你有可能意识到你已经有了很大的进步，值得庆祝一下。这样做会使你恢复信心：如果坚持下去，最终就会达到目标。 | | |
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