u9
part 1
lead in
T  F  T
Reading Comprehension
1
The layout and spatial arrangement inherits and embodies the traditional characteristic of urban planning and palace construction in ancient China , featuring a central axis , symmetrical design and layout of outer court at the front and Inner court at the rear and the inclusion of additional landscaped courtyards deriving from the Yuan Dynasty capital city layout .
2
five
1406 and 1420
14:10
1925
1961
3
3  4  5  8  3  3
4
Located in the center of Beijing , the Forbidden City was the imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and now the Palace Museum . It witnessed the enthronement of 14 Ming and 10 Qing emperors . Displaying the court culture , the lifestyl
es and the exchange and integration between the Manchu and Han peoples of Ming and Qing dynasties , the Forbidden City embodies multi - ethnic culture . It is also a state - of - art exemplar of the time , showing the architectural layout , hierarchy , construction techniques and architectural art . it is necessary for us to enhance the sustainable protection of the authenticity and integrity of the property in order to better showcase the scientific , historic and artistic values of the Forbidden City .
Part 2 Passage 1
1
The architectural layout of the Forbidden City involves three feudal rituals and five directions .
Buildings with Harmony
Buildings with Eternity
Buildings with Happiness
Chinese
English
Chinese
English
Chinese
English
太和殿
Hall of Supreme  Harmony
永和宫
Palace of Eternal Harmony
延禧宫
Palace of Prolonging
Happiness
中和殿
Hall of Central Harmony
永寿宫
Palace of Eternal Longevity
咸福官
Palace of Universal Happiness
保和殿
Hall of Preserving
  Harmony
Harmony Harmony
长春宫
Palace of Eternal Spring
永和宫
Palace of Eternal Harmony
永和言 Palace of Eteral
Harmony
Passage 2
1
T  F  T  F  F
2
  Table 1
乾清宫
交泰殿
坤宁宫
English name
Place of Heavenly
Purity
Hall of Union
Palace of Earthly Tranquility
Roof styles
重檐庑殿项
四角攒尖顶
重檐庑殿项
showcase Double - eaved hip roof
Four - side pyramid roof
Double - eaved hip roof
mythological animals
9
7
7
1
3
2
Table 2
中和殿
交泰殿
坤宁宫
English name
Hall of Central Harmony
Roof styles
四角攒尖项
四角攒尖项
重檐庑殿项
Four - side pyramid roof
Four - side pyramid roof
Double - eaved hip roof
mythological animals
7
7
7
Layers of terrace
3
1
1
Rankings
1
3
2
3
a  c  c  b
The Hall of Supreme Harmony  is of the highest ranking in ancient China . Politically , as the most important ceremonial center of the imperial power , the Hall of Supreme Harmony symbolized the majesty of the emperor . Architecturally , there are four reasons for its paramount position .
Firstly , there are ten mythological animals on its eaves and it is the only building with Hangshi , a flying monkey . Secondly , it was built on the three - layer terrace , which dominated the imposing view of the Outer Court of the Forbidden Cty . Thirdly , the Hall of Sup Г eme Harmo П y had a double- eaved hip roof , which ranks highest in the double - eaved roofs . Lastly , the Hal of Supreme Harmony is eleven － bay - wide and five - bay - deep , which is the only building with such width and depth .
So , the Hall of Supreme Harmony has the highest ranking in the Forbidden City .
Part 3
1
culturally
rear
ritual
recorded
two
ancestral
altar  Imperial
concept
interaction
2
1前朝后寝的礼制
2前朝:外朝
3内廷:后宫
4左祖右社的礼制
5《考工记》
6中轴线
7天人合一的理念
8《易经》
3
According to The Books of Rites , it says ," Without rites , the distinctions between monarch and subject , between senior and junior , and between elder and younger cannot be clearly drawn .” The architectural hierarchy of the Forbidden City is based on this statement .
Everything in the Forbidden City can be ranked , Architecturally , we can find something interesting to rank the buildings there . The number of the mythological animals on the eaves , the layers of the terrace , the roof styles , the width and depth can determine the ranking of the buildings .
The pronunciation of the mythological animals on the eaves can П ot match their form to such an extent that it may amuse the modern Chinese . However , the regulations for the use of mythological animals on the eaves were strict . Surprisingly , all the 12 palaces for the emperor ’ s women have the same number of mythological animals .
Historically , both the Yongzheng Emperor and the Xuantong Emperor were resided in the Hall of Mental Cultivation . The Yongzheng Emperor was the first emperor who lived there while the Xuantong Emperor was the last emperor who lived there . They upgraded its low - ranking - a seven - bay - wide and three - bay - deep structure . Who lived there mattered !

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