Chapter 4翻 译 的 基 本 技 巧
1.增译法
1.1增量词（名量词和动量词）
1）showcaseTo the east a faint pink is spreading.一抹浅红正向东方扩展。
2）I  was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.我真替她万分担忧，但此时次地既不不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。
１.2.汉语中名词复数的增补
1)The lion is the king of animals.百/万兽之王。
2) Fogs hid the mountain peaks.层层薄/云雾遮蔽了重重峰峦。
3)Reports of new successes keep pouring in.捷报频传。
4)Disappearances occurred with apparently increasing frequency…失踪事件/接连不断接二连三地发生，显然越来越频繁
5)As soon as winter was over and the primroses began to bloom.冬天一过，迎春花竟相/便朵朵开放。
6)She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.她热情地将客人们迎了进来，然后给他们各/每人/一一端一杯水。
7)what you have been looking for, my friend, is the chance to throw yourself into the world of University Societies, and discover the huge range of activities .我的朋友，你一直在寻的就是将你自己投身到大学社团中的机会，去发现丰富多彩的、各种各种的活动。
8)The roofs of the pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of yellows and greens.这座宝塔的屋顶是用深浅不一、浓淡不一/深深浅浅的黄和绿琉璃瓦盖成的。
１.3. 补充英语句子结构省略部分。
1) Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection( ) weakness, thrift( ) avarice. 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
2)Football is about ego, () respect, ()national pride.足球事关自我、尊严、事关民族尊严。
读书使人充实、讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确
3)Histories make men wise; poets() witty; the mathematics() subtle; natural philosophy() deep; moral () grave; logic and rhetoric () able to contend.读史书使人明智，读诗歌使人灵锈，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
4)When the country ( South Korea) won the right to co-host the World Cup , it saw  a chance to showcase itself ---particularly to Japan , its neighbour, and ( a chance to showcase itself to) the U.S , its oft-contentious ally.韩国获得世界杯的合办权时，它到了一个展示自己实力的机会，尤其时向其邻国日本，以与其矛盾不断的盟国美国展示的机会。
1.4英语的替代结构有代词，而汉语则习惯于用重复名词。
1)He hated failure ; he had conquered it all his life, ( )risen above it, ( )despised it in others.它讨厌失败，它一生中曾战败失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。
2)无论你是相保持已有的兴趣，还是培养新的爱好，你首先应该到牛津大学学生会的新生集会上去看看那些令人眼花缭乱的俱乐部。Whether you want to pursue an exiting interest or develop new ones, your first move should be to check out the bewilderingly large array of clubs at eh OUSU Freshers Fair. 
OUSU=oxford university student union
3)English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.如今的英国散文华美而欠简朴，以往的情况却并非如此。
1.5．英汉词汇的语义范围
1)These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.这些早期的汽车速度车速缓慢，车身/行动笨拙，蚝油量大。
2)It is pointed out that the sheer increase in quantity of products has imposed on enormous cost on society in the form of pollution , crowding, proliferation of wastes that need disposal, and debilitating psychological and social effects.  一味追求产品数量的增长已经让社会付出了巨大的代价。比如环境污染，交通拥挤，需特殊处理废物的激增，以及由此造成的负面的心里及社会影响。
1.6根据意义上需要而进行的增补
1) Air pressure decreases with altitude.气压随着海拔高度的增加而下降。
2) I was taught that two sides of a third are greater than the third.
3)Marco quickly learned that language and custom of the Chinese.
马可很快就学会了中国人的语言，适应了中国人的风俗习惯。
4) When I came to ,I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned.
当我清醒过来时，发现自己在水里，虽然差点淹死，却本能地浮着。
5)Without a sense of your fault , how can repentance and amendment be expected?
如果对自己的错误都认识不到，怎麽能够指望他悔恨和改正呢？
6)Tess is queer.苔丝的脾气可古怪呢
1.7. 为了修辞上的需要
1)All is not gold that glitters.
闪闪发光的东西不一定都是金子。
2)But he knew life, its foulness as well as its fairness, its greatness in spite of the slime that infested it….
可是他懂得生活，懂得生活里的美，也懂得生活里的丑；懂得生活是伟大的，尽管生活里多是泥沼
3)He was concerned mainly with the historical relations between and within languages.
他主要研究语言与语言之间的历史关系和各种语言本身的历史关系。
4)Their host served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.
他们的主人，又是上菜呀，又是切面包呀，又是说啊，又是笑啊，还敬酒呢，忙个不停。
1.8增加概括性的词汇
1)The thesis summered up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.  沦为总结了电子计算机人造卫星，和火箭三方面的新成就。
2)According to the scientists, it makes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil.据。。。研究/观点， 自然界要用500的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。
1)after all preparations were made, the plane took off.一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了
2)Nevertheless, they all emphasize that pollution of air and water, noise and congestion, and the mechanization of the work process are very real and very serious problems.然而他们一致强调：水、空气、噪音污染、交通拥挤、机械性得工作等问题的确是很严重得现实问题
3)Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research. 与此同时，各学校正采取行动改变教学与研究之间得不平衡现状
1.9.原文中无颜词,译文根据具体语境增添彩词以突出彩

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