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INTRODUCTION OF CONTAINER LASHING SYSTEM
集 装 箱 绑 扎 系 统 介 绍
Table of contents
内 容
1. Classification societies
船 级 社
1.1 Today there are following main rules existing
目前存在的主要船级社及规范
2. Container
集 装 箱
2.1 Container distribution
集装箱的分布
2.2 Forces acting on Containers
集装箱受力
2.2.1 Determination of forces acting on the container
集装箱上受力的确定
2.2.2 Allowable forces for 20’and 40’containers
20’和40’集装箱许用力
2.2.3 Racking forces respectively deflections of the door-and
doorless walls of containers
集装箱有门端及无门端侧移力及变形
2.3 Typical damage on containers
集装箱的典型破坏形式
3. Ship accelerations
船 舶 加 速 度
4. Securing fittings
绑 扎 件
4.1 Maximum permissible forces which may act on the securing fittings
绑扎件最大允许受力
5. Securing systems on deck
甲板上绑扎系统
6. Securing systems in cargo hold
货舱内绑扎系统
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6.1 Comparison of securing arrangements for 20’containers within
40’cellguides
20’集装箱堆放在40’导架内绑扎方式的比较
6.2 Transversal Stowage System
横向堆放系统
6.3 Mixed Stowage System
混装系统
6.4 Anti-Rack-Spacer System
纵向堆放系统
7. Calculation criteria of deck stowage systems
甲板上集装箱堆放系统的计算标准
7.1 Basic data for lashing respectively securing systems
绑扎计算所需基本数据
7.2 Lashing calculation methods
绑扎计算方法
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1. Classification societies
船 级 社
1.1 Today there are following main rules existing:
目前存在的主要船级社及规范
a) Germanischer Lloyd (GL)
b) Lloyd’s Register of Shipping (LroS)
c) China Classification Society (CCS)
d) Det Norske Veritas (DNV),
e) Bureau Veritas (BV)
f) American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
g) Polsiki Register of Shipping (PRS)
h) Itali (Rina)
i) Japan (NK-Nippon Classification)
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2. Container
集 装 箱
2.1 Container distribution
集装箱的分布
Today the mostly spreaded containers are the 20’and 40’boxes with a height of 8’6”. An increased quantity can be noticed for the ‘High Cubes’ with a height of 9’6”. Due to transport restrictions ashore with respect to railway and trailer height (tunnels, bridges) their quantity will never exceed a certain limit.
目前广泛使用的集装箱为20 英尺及40 英尺的集装箱, 高度为8’6”. 此外, 9’6” 的高箱也渐渐有所增长, 但由于岸上铁路及道路运输设备高度限制(隧道, 桥梁), 它的数量会被限制在一定的范围内.
2.2 Forces acting on containers
集装箱受力
2.2.1 Determination of forces acting on the container
集装箱上受力的确定
The forces acting on the container have the following components:
集装箱的受力有以下部分组成:
1st static: resulting from the container gross weights due to ship’s inclination.
一, 静态力: 船舶倾斜时, 集装箱总重带来的受力.
2nd dynamic: resulting from the different acceleration factors caused by the ships
motions.
二, 动态力: 船舶运动引起不同的加速度而带来的受力.
Based on the corresponding rules of the class the resulting forces have to be evaluated in athwartship, vertical and fore-respectively aft-directions. Additional wind forces as well as
the influence of green water has to be considered.
根据各船级社相应的规范, 集装箱受力应从横向, 纵向及船长方向来分别计算. 此外, 风力及海浪的影响也需考虑在内.
The way of carrying out the calculations differ between various class societies. Common are the basic figures as shown on the sketch No.1
计算的方法各船级社有所不同. 通常有以下一些基本的数据, 见附图1:
Longitudinal sliding caused by pitching
由纵倾产生的纵向滑移
Static forces by gravity and dynamic forces by pitch and heave motions
由自重力引起的静态力及纵倾和纵荡产生的动态力
Transversal sliding caused by rolling
由横摇产生的横向滑移
Static forces by gravity and dynamic forces by rolling and heave motions and additional by wind
由自重引起的静态力及横摇, 横荡及风力引起的动态力
Vertical pressure caused by rolling, pitching and heaving of the vessel
由船舶横摇, 纵摇及纵荡产生的垂向压力.
2.2.2 Allowable forces for 20’and 40’containers
20’及40’集装箱允许受力
Acting forces on container corner casting
集装箱箱角受力
The permissible container loads according to LroS. See annex. The max. permissible loa
ds of the container corner casting are responsible for the max. lashing load. The max. lashing load depends on the lashing angle. For example, if the lashings (short cross) acting with a angle of 43°degrees the max. permissible load are 23 t. If the lashing angle is less than 43°degrees, the permissible lashing load will increase. Our standard lashing system have 25 t SWL respectively 50 t BL.
LR规范允许的集装箱箱角的受力.
最大绑扎力受限于集装箱箱角的最大允许受力. 绑扎力的大小取决于绑扎的角度. 例如, 短杆交叉绑扎的绑扎角度为43°,绑扎杆最大允许受力为23 t. 角度减小, 允许受力将增大. 我公司的绑扎系统标准为SWL 25 t, 破断负荷为50 t.
Racking forces
水平侧移力
The max. permissible load, acting on container frame, in transversal direction is 15 t, respectively 10 t in longitudinal direction. These forces are called racking forces.
集装箱框架上的最大横向允许受力为15 t, 纵向为10 t. 这些力被称为水平侧移力.
Vertical forces
垂向力
Tension: the max. permissible pull-out force at container top corner are 15 t, at bottom corner 20 t. the 20 t max. load are responsible for the max. lifting force according to LRoS, GL have a max. load of 25 t, therefore we use 25 t as standard SWL for our Twistlocks.
拉力: 集装箱上箱角的最大允许拉力为15 t, securing下箱角为20 t. 其中20 t 为LR 规范所规定的最大拉力. GL 规范中为25 t. 因此我公司钮锁的受力标准为: 拉力SWL 25 t.
Compression: The max. permissible compression force at the container post are 86.4 t (86,4 t according to ISO)

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