Chapter 3. Key requirements
This chapter identify those actions and tasks that are key to the safe packing and transport of cargo.
3.1 General
• Do arrange for a safe working environment.
• Do use safe handling equipment.
• Do use appropriate personal protective equipment.
• Do check that the CTU and any cargo securing equipment are in sound condition.
• Do not smoke, eat or drink during packing, securing or unpacking.
3.2 Planning
• Do select the most suitable CTU type to accommodate the cargo for the intended transpor
t.
• Do prepare a packing plan when deemed necessary.
• Do select the securing methods best adapted to the characteristics of the cargo, the mode of transport and the properties of the CTU.
• Do not exceed the permitted payload limits of the unit or the maximum allowed gross mass according to the CSC2, national road and rail regulations.
3.3 Packing
• Do distribute heavy cargo appropriately over the floor area.
• Do observe all handling instructions and symbols on packages such as "this side up".
• Do load with the centre of gravity correctly located in the CTU.
• Do not concentrate heavy cargo on small areas of the floor.
• Do not load with eccentric load distribution.
• Do not build up irregular layers of packages if it can be avoided.
• Do not stow heavy goods on top of light goods.
• Do not stow goods with tainting odours together with sensitive merchandise.
• Do not pack wet and damp goods if it can be avoided.
• Do not use securing or protection equipment which is incompatible with the cargo.
3.4 Packing of dangerous goods
• Do check that all packages are properly marked and labelled.
• Do pack dangerous goods according to applicable dangerous goods regulations.
• Do pack dangerous goods near the door of the CTU where possible.
• Do affix required placards, marks and signs on the exterior of the CTU.
• Do not pack incompatible goods which should be segregated.
• Do not pack damaged packages.
3.5 Securing
• Do fill void spaces when necessary.
• Do securinguse blocking or lashing or a combination of these methods to prevent the cargo from sliding and tipping in any direction.2 International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972.
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• Do secure the cargo in a way that forces are distributed over an appropriate area of a unit.
• Do secure each single loaded item independently where necessary.
• Do use non-slip surface material to refrain packages from sliding where appropriate.
• Do use hooks or shackles to fasten lashings where applicable.
• Do not secure the cargo with devices overstressing the structure of the CTU or the cargo.
• Do not overstress securing devices.
• Do not over tighten securing devices so that the packaging or goods are damaged.
• Do not fasten web lashings by means of knots.
3.6 On completion of packing
• Do determine the correct gross mass of the CTU.
• Do affix a seal when required.
• Do include the CTU number, the correct gross mass and, when required, the seal number in the appropriate documents.
• Do provide a packing certificate when required.
3.7 Unpacking
• Do check that the identification number on the CTU and, when the CTU should be sealed, the seal serial number, are as shown on the transport documentation.
• Do check the exterior of the CTU for signs of leakage or infestation.
• Do use proper equipment to cut the seal if affixed.
• Do ensure the CTU is safe to enter. Be aware that the atmosphere in the CTU may be dangerous – ventilate before entering.
• Do open the CTU with caution as cargo might fall out.
• Do record every package as it is removed noting any markings and damages.
• Do remove all securing and protection material for reuse, recycling or disposal.
• Do clean the interior of the CTU to remove all traces of the cargo, especially loose powders, grains and noxious materials and fumigants, unless otherwise agreed with the CTU operator.
• Do remove all marks, placards and signs regarding the previous consignment from the exterior of the CTU once it has been cleaned.

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