Lesson One  Your College Years
1. personnel: the word “personnel” is plural. We never say “a personnel”.
2. dawn on  If a fact or idea dawns on you, you realize it.
It gradually dawned on me that I still had talent and ought to run again.
Then the chilling truth dawned on Captain Gary Snavely.
dawn 1  n [U and C] the time at the beginning of the day when light first appears
= daybreak  →dusk at dawn
　The first boats set off at dawn.
　When dawn broke (=the first light of the day appeared) , we were still 50 miles from Calcutta.
　I was up at the crack of dawn (=very early in the morning) to get the plane.
　We worked from dawn to dusk (=through the whole day while it is light) .
　the cold light of dawn
the dawn of civilization/time etc]
the time when something began or first appeared
　People have been falling in love since the dawn of time.
a false dawn
something that seems positive or hopeful but really is not
　There was talk of share prices recovering, but that was just a false dawn.
dawn 2  [I]  if day or morning dawns, it begins
　The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm.
literary if a period of time or situation dawns, it begins
　The age of Darwin had dawned.
formal if a feeling or idea dawns, you have it for the first time
　 It began to dawn that something was wrong.
dawn on [dawn on sb] phr v  if a fact dawns on you, you realize it for the first time
　Then the ghastly truth dawned on me.
　 It dawned on me that Joanna had been right all along.
3. endeavour 1  BrE endeavor AmE /ɪnˈdevə US -ər/ v [I] formal to try very hard
endeavour to do sth
We always endeavor to please our customers.
endeavour 2  n BrE endeavor AmE  [U and C] formal
an attempt to do something new or difficult
scientific/creative etc endeavour
　an outstanding example of human endeavor
endeavour to do sth
　They made every endeavour to find the two boys.
　Despite our best endeavours , we couldn't start the car.
4. terrible  adjective
very unpleasant; making you feel very unhappy, upset or frightened: a terrible shock / experience / nightmare ◆ What terrible news! ◆ I've just had a terrible thought. ◆ It was a terrible thing to happen to someone so young. ◆ That's a terrible thing to say!
causing great harm or injury; very serious: a terrible storm / murder / accident ◆ He had suffered terrible injuries. ◆ I'll have to stay with her-she's in a terrible state.
[not before noun] unhappy or ill: I feel terrible-I think I'll go to bed. ◆ You look terrible, you'd better sit down.
(informal) of very bad quality; very bad: a terrible meal / book / hotel ◆ I have a terrible memory for names. ◆ Your driving is terrible!
[only before noun] used to show the great extent or degree of sth bad: a terrible mistake ◆ to be in terrible pain ◆ The room was in a terrible mess. ◆ (informal) I had a terrible job (= it was very difficult) to persuade her to come! ◆ You'll be in terrible trouble if you're late again.
5. WORD FOCUS: horrible
taste or smell: nasty, not very nice, revolting, disgusting, foul, unpleasant, gross (informal)
experience, situation, or feeling: nasty, not very nice, terrible, unpleasant
person: nasty, not very nice, obnoxious, mean (AmE), unpleasant, objectionable
6. perceive  [/pəˈsiːv; pɚˋsiv/] v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt, Tng] (fml 文) become aware of (sb/sth); notice; observe 意识到, 注意到, 观察到（某人[某事物]）: I perceived a change in his behaviour/that his behaviour had changed. 我发觉他的行为有些变化. * We had already perceived how the temperature fluctuated. 我们已注意到温度的波动情形. * The patient was perceived to have difficulty in standing and walking. 据观察所见, 病人站立和行走都有困难.  2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth interpret sth in a certain way; view 理解或领悟某事物; 认为: I perceived his comment as a challenge. 我认为他的批评是对我的激励.
7. as well as sth/sb  in addition to something or someone else
　They own a house in France as well as a villa in Spain.
as well as doing sth
　The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.
8. endowment  n  1 [U] action of endowing （经常的）资助, 捐助: the endowment of many schools by rich former pupils 许多学校经常得到富裕校友的资助.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] money, property, etc given to provide an income 捐助的财物等: The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments. 牛津和剑桥大学有数不清的捐助财物.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] natural talent, quality or ability 天赋; 天资; 才能: Not everyone is born with such endowments as you. 并非所有的人生来都像你这样有天赋.
9. chance events: 偶然事件
10. distinct和distinctivein turn (ALSO by turns) one after the other in an agreed order:
Each of us collects the mail in turn.
11. independent  If one thing or person is independent of another, they are separate and not connected, so the first one is not affected or influenced by the second.
Your questions should be independent of each other.
We're going independent from the university and setting up our own group.
Two independent studies have been carried out.
ADJ: oft ADJ of/from n
= separate
=>independently
...several people working independently in different areas of the world.
...biological processes which continue to function independently of any effort that we can make.
ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj, oft ADV of/from n
= separately

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