考研英语二（完形填空）模拟试卷148
(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)
1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
解析：
Scientists say they have found a way to turn body fat into a better type of fat that burns off calories and weight. The US Johns Hopkins team made the【C1】______in rats but believe the same could be done in humans, offering the hope of a new way to treat obesity. 【C2】______the expression of a protein linked to【C3】______not only reduced the animals' calorie intake and weight, but also【C4】______their fat composition. Brown fat is
【C5】______in babies, which they use as a【C6】______source to generate body heat,【C7】______calories at the same time. But as we age our brown fat largely【C8】______and gets replaced by "bad" white fat, which【C9】______sits as a spare tyre around the waist. "We will need a lot more work to tease this out, but it could offer a(n)【C10】______way to develop new treatments for obesity", an expert said. Experts have【C11】______that stimulating the body to make more brown fat【C12】______white fat could be a helpful way to control weight and【C13】______obesity and its related health problems. Various teams have been searching for a way to do this, and Dr Sheng Bi and colleagues at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine believe they may have cracked it. They designed an experiment to see【C14】______suppressing an appetite-stimulating protein called NPY would decrease body weight in rats. When they silenced NPY in the brains of the rats they found their appetite and food【C15】______decreased. Even when the rats were fed a very【C16】______, high-fat diet they still managed to keep more weight【C17】______than rats who had fully functioning NPY. The scientists then checked the fat【C18】______of the rats and found an interesti
ng change had occurred. In the rats with silenced NPY expression, some of the bad white fat had been replaced with good brown fat. The researchers are【C19】______that it may be possible to achieve the same effect in people by injecting brown fat stem cells【C20】______the skin to burn white fat and stimulate weight loss.（分数：40.00）
(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）
 A.time
 B.breakthrough √
 C.accomplishment
 D.effort
解析：解析：根据下文的“有望给对治肥胖带来新方法”，可知这个团队是取得了一定成果的。故选B项breakthrough“突破”。
(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
 A.Mamtaining
 B.Reducing
 C.Measuring
 D.Modifying √
解析：解析：下文提到可以降低热量的吸收及减轻体重，只有改变蛋白质基因表达，才能达到这一目的。故选D项Modifying“敌变”。
(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）
 A.appetite √
 B.blood
 C.health
&ve
解析：解析：此处与下文的信息calorie intake and weight(卡路里摄入和体重)相关，推测空格处与吃或运动有关联。A项appetite“胃口”符合要求。
(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）
&ansferred
&ansformed √
&anscended
&ansmitted
解析：解析：根据空格后的宾语“脂肪成分”，只有B项transformed“改变，转换”能与其搭配使用。transform指的是在形式上彻底的改变，此处意指脂肪成分转换为热量。
(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）
 A.barren
 B.fragile
 C.diverse
 D.abundant √
解析：解析：从下文的“随着年龄增长，褐脂肪会被白脂肪取代”，可知褐脂肪在婴儿时代的含量是相当高的。故选D项abundant“丰富的”。
(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）
 A.power √
 B.force
 C.strength
 D.might
解析：解析：能generate body heat(产生体热)的应为能量，故答案为A项power“能量”。
(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
 A.accumulating
 B.adding
 C.firing
&pending √
解析：解析：此处讲的是brown fat的作用。它在产生体热的同时，当然会有所消耗，消耗的是热量(卡路里)，故选D项expending“消耗”。
(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）
 A.disappears √
 B.diffuses
 C.distracts
 D.distributes
解析：解析：根据下文的gets replaced by“bad”white fat(被“不好的”白脂肪取代)。被取代了，说明消失不存在了，故选A项disappears“消失”。
(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）
 A.approximately
&ely
&pically √
 D.absolutely
解析：解析：根据常识我们可得知，随着年龄的增长，多余的脂肪常常会囤积于腰部。故答案为C项typically“典型地，通常”。
(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）
 A.ample
 B.feasible √
 C.healthy
&ative
解析：解析：由空格前的could及后面的new treatments for obesity(新的减肥疗法)可知，此处所填入的词是表示肯定意义的词，故选B项feasible“可行的”。
(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）
&asoned √
 B.suspected
 C.planned
 D.assured
解析：解析：下文做出的推测a helpful way to control weight，及下文老鼠实验对这一方法的论证，可知答案为A项reasoned“推论”。
(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）
 A.rather than √
 B.as well as
 C.in addition to
 D.as to
解析：解析：上文提到褐脂肪是对身体有益的，而白脂肪是对身体有害的，因此要控制体重的话肯定是要更多的褐脂肪，而不是白脂肪。故答案为A项rather than“而不是”。重就不那么有利。D项as to“关于”，代入句中意思不通。
distinct和distinctive(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）
 A.accelerate
 B.predict
 C.prevent √
&ieve
解析：解析：根据and前的control weight(控制体重)，可知and后面的也是相同意思的表达，故选C项prevent“预防”。prevent obesity表示“预防肥胖”。
(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）
 A.if √
 B.where
 C.that
 D.how
解析：解析：空格前的to see表明本句说的是实验的目的。下文描述实验，通过抑制叫作N
PY的蛋白质．使得老鼠的体重减轻了。故这个实验的目的就是看抑制这种蛋白质会不会令老鼠体重减轻。故选A项if“是否”。
(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）
 A.nutrition
 B.process
 C.pack
 D.intake √
解析：解析：根据上文，NPY的作用是appetite-stimulating(刺激食欲)，那么抑制了NPY之后，食欲就下降了。对食物的摄入也下降了。选D项intake“摄入”。
(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）
 A.rich √
 B.fabulous
 C.wonderful
 D.delicious
解析：解析：空格处的词与下文的high-fat(高脂肪的)并列修饰diet，与之有并列递进之意，故选A项rich“丰盛的”。
(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）
 A.off √
 B.from
 C.up
 D.back
解析：解析：由句首的Even when和本空格前的still所表示的递进转折语气可知，即使喂给
这些老鼠高脂肪食物，它们依然会比那些NPY功能正常的老鼠能减去更多体重。故A项off为正确答案。keep．．．off“让……远离”。
(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）
&t
 Bposition √
&stitution
 D.distinction
解析：解析：上文提到科学家们做实验来证实老鼠体内两种脂肪的作用和相互关系。根据下一句实验结果“一些有害白脂肪已经被好的褐脂肪所替代”，他们是在查看脂肪中构成的变化，选B项composilion“组成”。本词在上文中出现过。属于原词出现。
(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）
 A.persistent
 B.hopeful √
 C.dubious
 D.cautious
解析：解析：上文提到该实验已经在老鼠身上产生了效果，下文说在人身上也可能产生同样的效果。此处表达研究人员的期望，故选B项hopeful“有希望的”。
(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）
 A.of
&
 C.under √
 D.across
解析：解析：从空格前的injecting(注射)一词及介词的宾语skin可知答案为C项under“在……
之下”，指的是注射到皮肤下面(皮下注射)。
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【C1】______and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【C2】______certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【C3】______schools of thought on the matter have【C4】______. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of【C5】______between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often【C6】______as "nature v. nurture". Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are【C7】______determined by biological and【C8】______factors. That our environment has【C9】______, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory【C10】______that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【C11】______by our instincts. Proponents of the "
nurture" theory, or,【C12】______they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts【C13】______determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【C14】______by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite【C15】______; they maintain that, like machines, humans【C16】______to environmental stimuli as the【C17】______of their behavior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists,【C18】______, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental【C19】______that whites enjoy. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【C20】______to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.（分数：40.00）

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