Oracle 11gR2 rac for linux简明安装手册
04-11 by J
Oracle 11gR2相对之前的版本(包括11gR1)，clusterware有一个重要的变革，即11gR2将clusterware按照"网格"的理念放大到一个新的产品，称为Grid Infrastructure。Grid Infrastructure除了具有之前版本中clusterware的功能外，还对clusterware进行了扩展。

Grid Infrastructure OUI安装时不再支持将集文件安装到块设备和raw映射设备。
Oracle 11gR2 rac相对之前版本对服务器硬件要求更高，这对真实的生产环境当然没有影响。但是对我们使用虚拟机安装的实验环境会造成空前的压力..

在官方安装文档中，对运行Grid Infrastructure的服务器要求至少1.5G内存，如果部署Grid Infrastructure后还要在这台服务器部署Oracle RAC，则需要至少2.5G内存。

以下实验环境为:
宿主主机:
Intel E8500/win7 x64/4x2G/500G
虚拟机环境:
VMware-server-2.0.2-203138 for win x64,两个虚拟机各3g内存，实际上如果内存紧张的话，两个虚拟机内存可以不一样多，第二个节点可以稍微少分一些。操作系统使用Enterprise-R5-U4-Server-i386，使用PAE内核
数据库软件:
Grid Infrastructure for linux(11.2.0.1.0)
Oracle Database 11g for linux(11.2.0.1.0)
Oracle De-install Utility for linux(11.2.0.1.0)
工具软件:
VMware-vix-1.6.2-203138
vmware-vmrc-win32-x86
Xmanager-v3.0Build0128
Secure CRT
PLSQL Developer
参考官方文档:
e10812,e10840,e10500,e10717,e10718

部署
一，准备工作
1，创建vmware共享磁盘
vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 "d:\vmware\disk\crs.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 "d:\vmware\disk\data1.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 "d:\vmware\disk\data2.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 "d:\vmware\disk\data3.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 "d:\vmware\disk\data4.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 "d:\vmware\disk\data5.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 "d:\vmware\disk\data6.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 "d:\vmware\disk\data7.vmdk"
2,创建2个虚拟机，并修改配置文件
scsi1.present = "TRUE"
scsi1.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
scsi1.sharedBus = "virtual"

scsi1:0.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:0.fileName = "d:\vmware\disk\crs.vmdk"
scsi1:0.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:2.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:2.fileName = "d:\vmware\disk\share1.vmdk"
scsi1:2.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:3.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:3.fileName = "D:\vmware\disk\share4.vmdk"
scsi1:3.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:4.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:4.fileName = "D:\vmware\disk\share5.vmdk"
scsi1:4.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:5.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:5.fileName = "D:\vmware\disk\share6.vmdk"
scsi1:5.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:6.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:6.fileName = "D:\vmware\disk\share7.vmdk"
scsi1:6.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:8.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:8.fileName = "D:\vmware\disk\share8.vmdk"
scsi1:8.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:9.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:9.fileName = "D:\vmware\disk\share9.vmdk"
scsi1:9.deviceType = "disk"

安装plsqlscsi1:10.present = "TRUE"
de = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:10.fileName = "D:\vmware\disk\share10.vmdk"
scsi1:10.deviceType = "disk"

disk.locking = "FALSE"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCachePageSize = "4096"
diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"
3，安装虚拟机操作系统并配置环境
[root@n01 ~]# chkconfig --list|grep on
anacron 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
apmd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
avahi-daemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
avahi-dnsconfd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
conman 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
cpuspeed 0:off 1:on 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
haldaemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
lvm2-monitor 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
mdmonitor 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
nscd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
oracleasm 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
rawdevices 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
smartd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
syslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
sysstat 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off
wdaemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
xfs 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

二，Grid Infrastructure
1，新特性
(1) Automatic Storage Management and Oracle Clusterware Installation
11gR2中，asm和clusterware软件是安装到一个home目录
(2) Automatic Storage Management and Oracle Clusterware Files
11gR2中，ocr和vote文件除了部署到共享文件系统或者nfs之外，还可以部署到asm的磁盘组中。原则上不支持再部署到块设备或者raw设备，但是如果是升级到11gR2还是可以用的。
(3) Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (ACFS)
11gR2中，asm可以提供集文件系统给服务器其他应用使用，acfs一样拥有asm在存储上的优点
(4) ASM Job Role Separation Option with SYSASM
11gR2中，asm管理被从sysdba角中分离到sysasm
(5) Cluster Time Synchronization Service
11gR2中，新增的ctss可以保证在集中没有配置ntp的情况下，实现时间同步。
(6) Enterprise Manager Database Control Provisioning
新的em在rac配置完成后可以用来对rac进行管理，增加或者改变节点。
(7) Fixup Scripts and Grid Infrastructure Checks
Grid Infrastructure安装过程中提供更多的环境配置帮助。
(8) SCAN for Simplified Client Access
single client access name (SCAN),不同于之前版本的节点vip概念，scan ip绑定为集中的某项服务，而不是具体服务器。scan可以指定1-3个ip。
scan可以配置为与dns或者gns协同合作。scan使集中的节点变化更加透明。
(9) SRVCTL Command Enhancements for Patching
增强的srvctl
(10) Typical Installation Option
安装过程中的典型安装选项。
(11) Voting Disk Backup Procedure Change
之前版本中需要使用dd来备份vote盘，新版本中在磁盘配置发生变化后系统会自动进行备份，不在需要人工备份。

2，配置环境
[root@n01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost

192.168.175.100 n01.localdomain n01
192.168.175.101 vip-n01.localdomain vip-n01
192.168.1.100 int-n01.localdomain int-n01

192.168.175.187 n-cluster-scan

192.168.175.200 n02.localdomain n02
192.168.175.201 vip-n02.localdomain vip-n02
192.168.1.200 int-n02.localdomain int-n02
[root@n01 ~]# cat /f
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
_default = 262144
_max = 4194304
wmem_default = 262144
wmem_max = 1048576

[root@n01 ~]# cat /etc/f
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba grid
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba oracle

# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/grid
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

Asianux Server 3, Enterprise Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:

binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11

3，配置ntp或ctss
禁用ntp服务器即可
4，配置ssh
11gR2在安装过程中可以自动配置
5，配置asm
[root@n01 asm]# rpm -qa|grep oracleasm
oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-2.0.5-1.el5
oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5

[root@n01 asm]# oracleasm status
Checking if ASM is loaded: yes
Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes

[root@n01 asm]# oracleasm listdisks
CRS
DATA1
DATA2
DATA3
DATA4
DATA5
DATA6
DATA7
DATA8
6,安装grid
grid用户
runInstaller

三，Oracle Database 11g
建库前需要另建一个asm磁盘组存放数据文件
使用asmca，或者sqlplus均可。

[root@n01 asm]# crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS.up.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
ora.DATA.up.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
ER.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
N1.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
ora.asm pe ONLINE ONLINE n01
s.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
ora.gsd pe OFFLINE OFFLINE
SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE n01
01.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE n01
ora.n01.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
s application ONLINE ONLINE n01
ora.n01.1.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE n02
02.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE n02
ora.n02.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
s application ONLINE ONLINE n02
ora.n02.1.type ONLINE ONLINE n02
k.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
4j.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
s.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
ora.racdb.se.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
fs.type ONLINE ONLINE n01
ora.scan1.ip.type ONLINE ONLINE n01

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