Unit 3　A taste of English humour
Learning about Language
动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语
【语法感知】
用所给词的适当形式填空,并指出其在句中所充当的成分
1.No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining (entertain).(宾语补足语)
2.He grew more and more popular as his charming (charm) character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.(定语)
3.He walked around stiffly carrying a walking (walk) stick.(定语)
4.The acting is so convincing (convince) that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.(表语)
【语法精讲】
一、动词-ing形式在句中作表语
1.作表语的动词-ing所体现的是名词的特性,用于对主语的内容进行解释说明,可表示抽象或习惯上的动作,且主语和表语可以换位。
*One of his weaknesses is telling lies.
= Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.
他的缺点之一就是撒谎。
*My job is delivering milk from door to door every morning.
我的工作就是每天早上挨家挨户送牛奶。
2.作表语的现在分词是形容词性的,表示主语的性质或特征,这时通常看作是形容词,且主语与表语不可换位。
*The report is very disturbing.
这个报告令人感到不安。
*The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
【名师点津】
  作表语的动词-ing形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等,有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
【即学活用】
(1)At that time, my job was taking care of the homeless dogs. 
曾经有一段时间,我的工作就是照看那些无家可归的狗。
(2)Your task is unablecleaning the old car over there on your own. 
你的工作是亲自打扫那边那辆旧车。
(3)The story sounds very encouraging.
故事听起来非常令人鼓舞。
(4)The result of the exam is quite surprising.
考试的结果非常令人吃惊。
二、动词-ing作定语
1.动词-ing作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途时,一般只能作前置定语,此时意为“供作……之用”,与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,在意义上相当于“名词+for+ doing”。
*There is a swimming pool in our school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
*Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.
在阅览室里不允许学生们大声喧哗。
2.动词-ing作定语时可表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句。
*The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.=The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
聚集在门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
*The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
=The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
【名师点津】
(1)单个的动词-ing形式作定语放在名词前,动词-ing短语应放在所修饰的名词之后。
(2)动词-ing形式的完成时形式一般不作定语,若要表达完整意义最好用定语从句。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking (walk) stick in her hand.
②They are planning to build a swimming(swim) pool for the kids.
③The student talking (talk)with the foreigners over there is our monitor.
④The boys playing(play) basketball over there are from our class.
(2)句型转换。
①The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.
→The students who are working in the country will be back tomorrow. 
②The building being built now will be our library.
→The building that/which is being built now will be our library. 
三、动词-ing作宾语补足语
1.动词-ing位于感官动词后(see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,observe,notice等)。
*I heard someone singing in the park when I passed there.
我经过公园的时候听到有人在唱歌。
*I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
*I saw Tom doing exercise by the river this morning when I passed by.
今早我路过的时候,我看到Tom正在河边锻炼。
2.表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, keep, get, leave等)+sb./sth.+doing sth.。
*We won’t have you doing that.
我们不允许你那样做。
*You shouldn’t have the water running like this all night.
你不应该让水整夜这样流着。
【名师点津】
  使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”;接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”;接过去分词作宾语补足语,表示“主语请某人做某事,使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。
*The cruel boss makes the poor workers work day and night.
狠心的老板让可怜的工人们夜以继日地工作。
*I had my leg broken when I played basketball yesterday.
我昨天打篮球的时候腿断了。
3.用于with的复合结构中。
*I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断,我没法做家庭作业。
*With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她,她感到很紧张。
【即学活用】 语法填空。
(1)With the temperature rising(rise), the leaves and grass began to appear.
(2)When the little girl found so many people surrounding (surround)her, she felt very nervous. 
(3)When I saw the dog being beaten(beat) by several boys, I came up to stop them. 
(4)The man left us standing(stand) alone, unable to find any help.
(5)Don’t have the lights burning (burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity. 
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The professor giving (give) us a speech about writing now is from Peking University.
2.Listen! The music the musicians are playing over there sounds interesting (interest).
3.When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women arguing(argue).
4.By far, there are many problems remaining(remain) to be solved.

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