Dr. Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum
  Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum, located at the south slope of the Purple Mountain, is the tomb of Dr. Sun Yatsen, who is the great forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution.
  中山陵坐落于紫金山南麓，是中国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓。
Dr. Sun is known in Chinese as Sun Zhongshan because he once used “Zhongshan Qiao”as his assumed name for security of making revolutionary activities when he was in Japan.
孙博士在中国被称呼为孙中山，因为他在日本从事革命活动时为了安全曾化名为“中山樵”。
  On November 12,1866, Dr. Sun was born of a farmer’s stock in Xiangshan County,Guangdong Province, which is now renamed as Zhongshan city after her most distinguished son.
  孙中山于1866年11月12日出生于广东省香山县的一个农民家庭，从他最杰出的儿子之后就被重命名为中山市了。
Dr. Sun had a high aim in his early youth and left home for Hawaii to receive his education at an Anglian school when he was 12 years old, and then he came back to Hong Kong after graduation to continue his further education of higher learning, majoring in medicine.
孙先生少有大志，当他12岁时，他就离家去夏威夷的盎格鲁学校接受教育，后来他回到香港继续接受高等教育，主修医学。
  At the time when Chinese pepole were suffering from both poverty and sickness and China was despised as a “sick-man of East Asia”due to the corrupt and incompetent Manchu government,he wished to save the country and people by his medical knowledge. In 1892 he graduated and got Master degree of medical science at an age of 26. Then he started his medical practice in Macau and Guangzhou and other areas of Chian as well.
  由于满清政府的腐败和无能，此时中国人正饱经贫穷和疾病的折磨，并视为“东亚病夫”，他希望通过他的医学知识来拯救这个国家和人民。1892年，他26岁时，毕业了并且获得了
医学硕士学位。然后他在广州、澳门等地行医。
  Soon after, Dr. Sun came to find that a medical doctor could only cure some physical disease of patients, but was unable to cure the nation of its political, economic and social problems.
  不久后，孙先生发现医学仅能治愈病人躯体上的疾病，但是无法治愈这个国家的政治、经济和一系列社会问题。
  Later, he gave up his medical profession and threw himself into Chinese revolution.
  后来，他放弃了行医，开始投身中国革命。
  Dr. Sun spent much of his life traveling in Europe, America and Japan for international support and plotting against the Manchus and planning a government for China.
  孙先生花了大量时间在欧洲、美国、日本游行以获取国际援助，策反满清政府，准备成立新政府。
  After the victory of the 1911 revolution that resulted in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, Dr. Sun was elected to be the president of the provisional government and the Republic of China was officially founded. Dr. Sun took an oath of office as the provisional president of the Republic of China on the New Year’s Day of 1912 in Nanjing.
  1911年辛亥革命胜利并推翻了清政府后，孙中山被推举为中华民国临时大总统，中华民国正式成立。孙中山1912年元旦在南京宣誓就职中国民国临时大总统。
  Unfortunately Dr. Sun passed away in Beijing on March 12,1925. When Dr. Sun was in his deathed, he once expressed his will:“I hope to be buried at the foot of the Purple Mountain, as where is the founding place of the Republic of China, so as not to forget the revolution of 1911.”
  不幸的是孙中山于1925年3月12日在北京逝世。在北京的弥留之际，他立下遗嘱：“吾死之后，可葬于紫金山山麓，因南京为临时政府成立之地，可不忘辛亥革命”。
  According to his wishes, Madam Sun and the funeral committee made a special surve
y and decided the site of the mausoleum, and at the same time advertised for designs in the newspapers throughout the country. Among the forty contributedpines designs, the committee unanimously adopted the design drawn by LuYanzhi as the best one, because his plane design of the mausoleum in a shape of a kind an ancient bell may best accord with the principle of the ancient Chinese architecture.
  为了尊重孙中山的遗愿，孙夫人和葬事筹备处进行了实地勘察并选址建造中山陵，同时在全国范围内登报悬奖征求陵墓设计方案。在40多份应征稿件中，委员会一致推举吕彦直的方案并荣获首奖，因为他的古钟设计正好与中国的传统建筑文化想吻合。
  The construction of the mausoleum started in January 1926 and completed in the spring of 1929. On June 1 of the year, a grand funeral ceremony was held in large procession and Dr. Sun was buried here since the time.
  中山陵于1926年1月开工，1929年春竣工。1929年6月1日举行了奉安大典，孙中山从此入葬于此。
  To the south of the mausoleum square, there is an octagonal stone platform in three levels with each enclosed by a stone railing. On the top level of the platform, there stands the treasured tripod made of  bronze,having an ear in each of its both sides, which was presented by Mr. Dai Jitao and all the students and faculties of Sun Yatsen University. Cast in the surface of the tripod there are three Chinese characters:“wisdom,benevolence and courage”.They are of the school instructions of the university. Placed in the interior of the tripod, there is a hexagonal
bronze plate engraved on which is the full text of the Classic of  Filial Piety written in Mr. Dai’s mother own hand.
  广场正南，有一三面都是石栏板的八角形石台。在石台上，有一双耳三足的紫铜宝鼎，是戴季陶和中山大学全体师生捐赠的。鼎一面铸有“智、仁、勇”三个字。它们是中山大学的校训。鼎内有一块六角形铜牌，上面刻有戴母黄氏手书的《孝经》全文。

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