第一章 汉英翻译概述
【思考与练习1】 段落翻译，注意“虚”“实”转换
1）昆明市是云南省省会，地处云贵高原中部，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，四季如春，花开似锦，一向有花城之称。
【参考译文】Situated at the central part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Kunming, the provincial capital of Yunnan, is known as a city of flowers. Kunming is warm and has flowers in all seasons of a year.
2）泰山坐落在山东省泰安县境内，靠近东部海滨。泰山有许多壮丽的小山和山顶，历史悠久的松柏，宏伟的庙宇和瀑布。泰山是崇高和庄严的象征。
【参考译文】Situated near the eastern seaboard in Taishan County of Shandong Province, Mount Taishan, with numerous majestic hills and crests, centuries-old pines and cypresses, magnificent temples and waterfalls on it, is regarded as a symbol of loftiness and grandeur.
【思考与练习2】 段落翻译，注意“忠”“美”问题
1）长江（扬子江）是我国最长的河流，也是中国的一条交通要道。从发源地到出口处，全长6 380公里，它从中年积雪的青藏高原奔腾而下，横越8个省份，流入东海。长江三峡，水流湍急，两岸悬崖峭壁和陡峭的山岳高耸入云，构成大自然最奇特的景之一。
【参考译文】The Changjiang (Yangzi) River, 6 380 kilometers from source to mouth, is China’s longest river. It is one of the arteries of traffic in China. It plunges down from the perennial snows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and, after traversing eight provinces, flows down to the East China Sea. The Three Chnagjiang River Gorges create one of nature’s most fantastic sights, with turbulent waters, sheer cliffs and steep mountains towering to the skies on both sides.
2）《红楼梦》是一部关于政治斗争的书，一部政治历史小说。从表面上看这部小说主要讲的是宝玉和黛玉的爱情故事；可实际上，作者通过这个故事彻底地揭露了封建制度、封建统治阶级的罪恶和罪行。
【参考译文】 A Dream of Red Mansion is a book about political struggle, a political-historical novel. On the surface, this novel deals largely with the love between Pao-yu and Tai-yu; but actually, through this story, the author penetratingly exposes the evils of the feudal system and crimes of the feudal ruling class.
【思考与练习3】  段落翻译，注意等值、等效、等神
1）祖国山水，风格多样，相对应而存在，相比较而多姿。杭州西湖，水榭歌台，人工赋予它典雅美；蜀中仙山峨嵋，飘浮于云涛雾海，呈秀于烟雨浸漫的山林；誉满中华的桂林山水，水秀山奇，山水平分秋。
【参考译文】China is a land of scenic contrasts, each uniquely representing its own area: West Lake in Hangzhou with enchanting pavilions set in quiet surroundings, Mount Emei in Sichuan with peaks peeping through mist and clouds, Guilin in Guangxi with panoramic views of mountains and rivers.
2）平遥古城是按照汉民族传统规划思想和建筑风格建设起的城市，集中体现了公元14至1
9世纪前后汉民族的历史文化特，对研究这一时期的社会形态、经济结构、军事防御、宗教信仰、传统思想、伦理道德和人类居住形式有重要的参考价值。
【参考译文】The old city of Pingyao, constructed according to the traditional planning theory and building style of the Han people, embodies the historical features of the Han culture around the 14th-19th centuries and is of considerable referential importance in researching into the social formation, economic structure, military defense, religious beliefs, traditional ideology, moral concepts and dwelling patterns of that time.
【思考与练习4】 段落翻译，注意四个 “译” 点
北京是中国的首都，也是中国的政治中心。北京有很多五星级的饭店，有各种各样的餐厅，有漂亮的公园，有宽敞的街道，发达的公共交通，到处都是高楼大厦等等。北京是座现代化的城市。
【参考译文】 Beijing is the capital of China and its center of government. There are quite a number of five-star hotels, restaurants of all kinds, beautiful parks, wide streets, an exce
llent public transportation system, skyscrapers everywhere, and so on. Beijing is actually a modern city.         
北京又是一个历史悠久的城市，有很多名胜古迹，文化气息很浓。比如像天安门、故宫、长城、各种博物馆及其他有名的地方，都是观光的景点。
【参考译文】 Beijing also has a long history. There are many scenic spots and historical sites, and the city has a lot of culture to offer. For example, Tian’anmen, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, all sorts of museums and other famous places——All the places are good for visitors at home and broad to go sightseeing in Beijing.
【思考与练习5】  段落翻译，注意翻译技巧
夏日掠影
北京的道旁多植槐树，当槐花挂满枝桠香飘四逸的时候，夏日就带着炎热与浓绿向人们涌来了。清晨，骑上自行车，加入上班的“洪流”，眼前闪动的是人们五颜六的夏服。pines
Hot City in the Summer
  When the blossoms of the scholar trees begin to cast their fragrant shade over the hot sidewalks of the city, one knows that summer has finally arrived in Beijing. The early-morning streets become rivers of brightly clad cyclists pedaling off to work.
而八月盛夏，最高气温达到三十七、八度时，不少姑娘穿起露肩、低胸、无袖的上衣，有的小伙子把背心捋上肚皮。在还没有普及空调的普通人家，人们注意听着电台的当日天气预报和查看日历，不时喊着“今天太热啦！”在惊呼、叹息之中，盛夏似乎走得太慢了。
In the heat of August, when the temperature can climb as high as 38℃, young women put on low-cut sleeveless dresses and young men roll up their T-shirts to expose their chests. With no air-conditioning in private homes, everyone suddenly develops a passionate interest in the weather forecast, and the dog days slowly pass by to a chorus of sleepy complaints about the heat.
【思考与练习6】  段落翻译，注意翻译过程
北京大学的前身为京师大学堂，建于1898年，是我国第一所高等学府，在教育界享有崇高
地位。北京大学的创办，标志着中国现代教育的开始。北京大学是中国新文化运动的中心和五四运动的发祥地。
【参考译文】Peking University, an outgrowth of her predecessor the Metropolitan University, was founded in 1898. As China’s first national institution of higher learning, she was then the supreme seat of learning in China. Her establishment was regarded as the start of modern higher education in China. Peking University was the center of the Chinese New Culture Movement and also the birthplace of the May 4th Patriotic Movement of 1919.

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