用作状语的-ED分词
—、用作状语的-ED分词
这样的-ed分词通常来自及物动词。-ed分词用作状语时，跟-ing分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ed分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when, while, if, as if, though。这时，我们可以把-ed分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
-ed分词作状语跟-ing作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
1．表示时间
Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion.
从远处看，这座山脉象一头狮子。
2．表示原因
Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word.
由于受到不公平的批评，她默默地离开了办公室。
3．表示条件
Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well.
如果每天浇一次水，这花会长得很好。
4．表示伴随状况
He stood there, fascinated by the singing.
他站在那儿，被歌声所吸引。
在句子深层结构中，-ed分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果-ed分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，-ed分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/without等引导的介词短语表达出来。如：
The question settled, they left for home.
问题解决了，他们就回家了。
With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a good suggestion.
统观全局，我们认为这是一个好的提议。
1. 表示时间
4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, ______focused on domestic rather than oreign policies.
［A］William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
［B］the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
［C］looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
［D］William McKinley looked forward to a new term
解析：D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ed分词相当于一个时间状语从句“When he was inaugurated a second time …”，主句的主语应当是人，所以A和D为可能选项，但A中的look forward to后应跟名词，那么只有D为正确选项。
2. 表示条件
5) ________under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six pointed shape.［A］Seen
［B］Sees
［C］Seeing
［D］To see
解析：A为正确答案。本句的意思是“在显微镜下看，雪花……”，显然这里的看是“被观察”之义。B、C、D都表示主动，A为正确选项。
6) __________ to steel, chromium(铬) increases the metal's hardness.
［A］Added
［B］In addition
［C］Adding
［D］Adds
解析：A为正确答案。(同上)
7) __________ enough food and water, they could have beaten the enemy.
［A］Being given
［B］Given
［C］Give
［D］To give
解析：B为正确答案。(同上)
3. 表示原因
8) Encouraged by his mother, ________________________.
［A］art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
［B］Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
［C］the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
［D］John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
解析：D为正确答案。四个选项中，只有D的主语为“John Singer Sargent”(人名) ，而只有人才能被“encouraged”(鼓舞)，也就是说，只有D中的主语能充当空白前-ED分词短语的逻辑主语
9) __________ by the decision, the lawyer quickly left the court room.
［A］Angering
［B］Having angered
［C］Being angry
［D］Angered
解析：D为正确答案。空白处只能用-ED分词才可和后面的“by”短语发生联系，并且其逻辑主语和主句主语一致。
10) Written in great haste, ____________________.
［A］Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report
［B］there are plenty of errors in the report
［C］we found several mistakes in his report
［D］the books is full of errors.
解析：D为正确答案。本句的意思是“由于(被)写得急，……”，所以A和C不对。虽然B中的主语“plenty of errors”与“written”逻辑上可以呼应，但与“in the great haste”不一致。“Written in great haste”的逻辑主语还是“the books”。所以D正确。
4. 表示伴随状况：
-ed分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换。
11) ______________ was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834.
［A］Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch
［B］The Dutch settled Brooklyn
［C］Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch
［D］Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn
解析：D为正确答案。从上下文看，空档处的主语应是表示要点的名词(“as a city”)，那么A不对；B 和C都是一分句，而空档后是谓语部分，它们不作为正确选项。
12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, __________ completely to the outside world.
pines［A］being lost
［B］having lost
［C］losing
［D］lost
解析：D为正确答案。
5. 表示让步
13) Francis Preston Blair, Jr., __________ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in issouri.
［A］was
［B］he was
［C］although
［D］who he was
解析：C为正确答案。
6. 表示结果
14) _____________ in all parts of the state, pines are the most common trees in Georgia.
［A］Found
［B］Finding them
［C］To find them
［D］They are found
解析：正确答案为A。本句的主语为pines(松树) ，这样就排除了B 选项，因为-ING分词表主动，而“松树”不可能是“”(find)这个动作的逻辑主语，即动作发出者。故只有A“found”(被发现) 的逻辑主语与“pines”一致，应选A。
7. 表示目的
15) They should be kept here ___________ this matter.
［A］informing about

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