2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
22 非谓语动词（五）
考点八  非谓语动词的时态
非谓语动词和动词一样，也有时态和语态的变化，见下表（以do 为例）：主动被动
一般式to do to be done 进行式to be doing 不
定
式
完成式to have done to have been done 一般式doing being done 动名词
现在分词完成式having done having been done
过去分词
done 1．非谓语动词的时态：非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在其后，非谓语动用一般式；非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，非谓语动词用完成式。
1. Many Chinese brands, __________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. （2017江苏）
A. having developed
B. being developed
C. developed
D. developing
【答案】A
【解析】这里是非谓语动词作非限制性定语。逻辑主语bands 与develop 是主动关系，且非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
2. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津)
A. To work
B. Worked
C. To be working
D. Having worked
【答案】D
【解析】这里是分词作时间状语，逻辑主语Steve 与work 之间是主动关系，且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
3. ________ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. （2014福建）
A. Spending
B. Spent
C. Having spent
D. To spend
【答案】C
【解析】这里是分词作原因状语，逻辑主语Linda与spend之间是主动关系，且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
4. _________ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (2013重庆)
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
【答案】A
【解析】这里是分词作原因状语，逻辑主语I与ask之间是被动的关系，且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，故用现在分词完成式的被动式。
5. I got to the office earlier that day, _________ the 7:30 train from Paddington. (2013全国II)
A. caught
B. to have caught
C. to catch
D. having caught
【答案】D
【解析】非谓语动词做原因状语，应用分词；逻辑主语I与catch是主动关系，应用现在分词，又因分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，应用完成式。
考点九非谓语动词的语态
1．一般情况下，不定式和动名词的逻辑主语是其动作的发出者时，用主动式；是承受者时，用被动式；分词与其逻辑主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词，构成被动关系时用过去分词。
1. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _______ with his students. （2017北京）
< spend抹茶动漫下载
B. spend
C. spending
D. spent
【答案】D
imgplay中文字体版【解析】这里是非谓语动词作定语，表示被动和完成，故用过去分词。
2. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______.（2014北京）
A. recognizing
B. being recognized
C. having recognized
D. having been recognized
【答案】B
【解析】这里是动名词作介词without的宾语。逻辑主语he与recognize之间是被动关系，故用动词的被动式；
这里指一般情况，故用一般式。
3. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. （2014北京）
A. solving
B. solvedposition of the day
C. being solved
D. to be solved
【答案】D
【解析】表示将来的动作，应用被动式；逻辑主语problems与solve是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。
4.  The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013四川)
A. being completed
B. to be completed
C. completed
三角函数cosD. having been completed
【答案】B
【解析】表示将来的动作，应用被动式；逻辑主语the airport与complete是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。
5. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on a new look. (2013江苏)
A. reducing
B. reduced
C. being reduced
D. having reduced
【答案】C
【解析】and连接两个并列的动名词短语做after的宾语。The city和reduce之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。
6.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______in
the South China Sea. (2012福建)
A. attacking
B. having attacked
C. being attacked
D. having been attacked
【答案】C
【解析】这里是动名词作介词from的宾语。逻辑主语boats与attack之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被
动式。
7. It’s important for the figures ______ regularly.                              (2011北京)
A. to be updated
B. to have been updated
C. to updated
D. to have updated
【答案】A
【解析】由regularly可知，不定式应用一般式；the figures与update是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。
8. There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.    (2010 江西)
A. to discover
B. to be discovered
C. discovered
D. being discovered
【答案】B
coap协议【解析】wait后应接不定式。逻辑主语actors与discover是被动关系，应用不定式的被动式。
2．need, require, want等动词以物作主语，表示“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式表示被动，如用不定式，
则要用被动式；be worth后跟动名词，用主动式表示被动。
1. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success. (2012湖南)
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
【答案】C
【解析】need表示“需要”，后接动名词的主动式和不定式的被动式。
2. As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area __________.（2008 陕西）
A. need repairing
B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing
D. need to repair
【答案】A
【解析】need, want, require等动词，以物作主语表示“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式表示被动，或跟不定式的被动式；主语two thirds of the buildings是复数，故选A。
3．不定式作定语、宾补或在形容词后作状语，与其逻辑主语之间构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动表示被动。
1. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. (2010山东)
A. completing
B. to complete
C. completed
D. being completed
【答案】B
【解析】表示将来的动作，用不定式作定语；不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，应用主动式。
2. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ______.  (2010四川)
A. to deal with
B. dealing with
C. to be dealt with
D. dealt with
【答案】A
【解析】作宾语的形容词后用不定式作状语语；不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，应用主动式。
3. If there is a lot of work __________, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.（2009上海）
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
【答案】A
【解析】不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，应用主动式表示被动。
考点十独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由“名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词分词”构成的一种结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构主要考查的是名词/代词后非谓语动词的形式。表示将来的动作，用不定式；表示主动或正在进行的动作，用现在分词；表示被动或完成的动作，用过去分词。
1. Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (2015江苏)
A. being spent
B. having spent
C. spent
D. spending
【答案】C
【解析】这里是独立主格结构作状语；much time与spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
2. The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed. (2014江苏)
A. being given
B. having given
C. to be given
D. having been given
【答案】D
【解析】这里是独立主格结构作状语；the lecture与give之间是被动关系，且give这一动作发生在follow动作之前，故用现在分词完成式的被动式。
3. The party will be held in the garden, weather              . (2012全国I)
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
【答案】A
【解析】weather permitting是独立主格结构，作条件状语。
4. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years. (2011浙江)
A. having
B. had
C. have
D. to have
【答案】A
【解析】这是一个独立主格结构，表示补充说明，应用分词；some与have之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
巩固练习：
1.It is difficult to imagine his __________ the decision without any permission.
css伪类选择器有哪些A. accept
B. accepting
C. to accept
D. accepted
【答案】B
【解析】imagine后要跟动名词作宾语。这里his accepting是动名词的复合结构，作imagine的宾语。
2.__________ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting
B. To wait
C. Having waited
D. To have waited

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