翻译技巧
2.⼗种翻译技巧
了解完四种翻译⽅法后，我们再来了解⼀下⼗种常⽤翻译技巧，即重复法(repetition)，增词法(amplification)，省略法(omission)，词类转换法(conversion)，词序调整法(inversion)，拆译法(division)，正说反译和反说正译法(negation)，语态变换法(voice changes)，引申法和句⼦成分转译法。
2.2.1重复法(repetition)
重复法(repetition)是在翻译中，为了使译⽂忠实于原⽂并且产⽣意义明确，⽂字通顺、流畅，符合⽬的语习惯的⽂字，⽽将某⼀部分⽂字反复使⽤的翻译技巧。
例⼦：
1. You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary man in the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to th em in German. （重复谓语动词）
你⼀定要问⼀问家庭主妇们，问⼀问街头玩耍的孩⼦，问⼀问集市上做买卖的百姓，听听他们说些什么，他们如何说，你就如何译；这样他们就会理解，就会明⽩：你是在⽤德语和他们讲话。
2. We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)
我们必须分析问题，解决问题。
3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分) ⽆知是畏惧之源，羡慕之根。
4. But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)
但我们仍有不⾜，⽽且是很⼤的不⾜。
5. The dog is chasing the cat which is chasing a rat which is having a piece of cheese in its mouth. (指代内容的重复)
那条狗在追着那只猫，⽽猫⼜在追着⼀只⽼⿏，⽼⿏的嘴⾥衔着⼀块奶酪。
6. 判断我们各⽅⾯⼯作的是⾮得失，归根到底，要以是否有利于发展社会主义的⽣产⼒，是否有利于增强我国的综合国⼒，是否有利于提⾼⼈民的⽣活⽔平为标准。
In the final analysis, the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields is whether it helps to develop the productive forces of socialist society, to strengthen the overall capacity of the country and to improve the people’s living standards.
7. And I did not translate them as an interpreter, but as an orator, keeping the same ideas and forms, or as one might say, the ‘figures’ of thoughts, but in language which conforms to our usage.(重复主语)
我翻译这些演说词，不是作为译者⽽是作为演说家。我保留了原作同样的意思和形式（或者像有⼈所说的思想的‘形象’），⽽使⽤的语⾔与我们的语⾔习惯⼀致。
8. "Woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word a perilous object.” (重复谓语)
⼥⼈是罪恶之门、邪恶之径、毒蛇之⽛，总之，⼥⼈是件危险的东西。
9. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
许多⼈认为，普通⼈的思维活动根本⽆法与科学家的思维过程相⽐，认为这些思维过程必须
经过某种专门训练才能掌握。(重复谓语动词)
10. I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.
我曾碰到过，不是氧⽓设备了故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（重复名词）
11. The three most important effects of an electric current are heating, magnetic and chemical effects.
电流的三种最重要的效应是热效应、磁效应和化学效应。
12. Alternating stress not only varies in magnitude but also in direction.
⾓变应⼒不仅⼤⼩不同，⽽且⽅向不同。
13. This is “good” ozone because it protects us from the sun’s UV rays.
这是良性臭氧，因为这部分臭氧保护我们免遭太阳紫外线的伤害。
14. This is “good” ozone because it protects us from the sun’s UV rays. (UV: ultraviolet)
这是良性臭氧，因为这部分臭氧保护我们免遭太阳紫外线的伤害。
2.2增词法(amplification)
在翻译中为了使译⽂通顺易懂，或是为了⾏⽂⽣动，更符合⽬的与的语⾔习惯⽽采取的增加部分解释性词语、连接词、类属词、概括性词语和代词的做法叫增词法(amplification)。
1. The boxes, being museum quality, would have increased in worth over the years, and made people remember me “with growing appreciation.”
参考译⽂：九只盒⼦，都⾜以当作⽂物收藏在博物馆⾥，随着岁⽉流逝，它们的价值还会越来越⾼，⼈们也会因⽽记住
我，“越来越欣赏”我。
2. The subsequent generations of this family grew impoverished by a combination of drought, extortion, and too many gifts to opera girls, all of which led to their losing face and their property.
参考译⽂：在接下来的⼏代中，因为遭遇旱灾，被⼈，再加上给优伶的封赏太多，这个家族便最终资财耗尽，风光不再了。
3. The men squatted in their dark-colored logyis, the ever-present cheroots clenched between their teeth.
参考译⽂：男⼈们穿着深⾊的袍裙，蹲坐在那⾥，嘴⾥总是叼着烟。
4. His consideration of the Bible with the language of ordinary people and his consideration of translation in terms of focusing on the TL and the TT reader were crucial in his translation.
他注重使⽤民众的语⾔来翻译圣经，注重为⽬的语和⽬的语⽂本的读者考虑，这两点在他的翻译中很关键。
5. Formal education for girls historically has been secondary to that for boys. 历史上，先有男孩⼦接受正规教育，之后才有⼥孩⼦接受正规教育。
6. When she began her career as a nightclub singer, she took the professional name Maya Angelou, combining her childhood nickname with a form of her husband's name. 她的职业⽣涯是从夜总会的⼥歌⼿开始的，那时她给⾃⼰起了个艺名——玛雅安琪露，这个名字融合了她孩提时代的绰号以及丈夫的名字。
7.This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best. 尽管有种种不周全之处，这个计划仍被认为是最佳计划之⼀。
8.Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花满院盛开。
10. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
读书使⼈充实，讨论使⼈机智，写作使⼈严谨。
11. 不要重复叶公好龙那个故事，讲了多少年的社会主义，临到社会主义跑来他，她⼜害怕起来了。（《⽑泽东选集》，第五卷）
The story of Lord Ye who professed to love dragons should not be repeated. One must not just talk about socialism for years and then suddenly turn pale when socialism comes knocking at the door.
12. 只是晚上躺在床上的时候，她才感到神志清醒。
It is only during the night when she lies in bed that she feels she has a clear mind.
14. Day after day he came to his work——sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
他每天来⼲活——扫地，擦桌椅，清理房间。
15. ⼀个篱笆三个桩，⼀个好汉三⼈帮。
A bamboo fence needs the support of three stakes, and an able man needs the help of three other persons.
Stakes make a bamboo fence stand, and supporters help an able man succeed.
2.3省略法(omission)
省略法(omission)是为了⾏⽂的简洁和更符合⽬的与习惯，将⼀些重复的词语或⼀些已被涵盖的意义省去的翻译⽅法，⽽原⽂的意义并未因此受到任何损失。
1. When she could no longer decide, she became depressed. Whenever Dwight picked up the baby to take him to his place or to the doctor’s for a checkup, she felt relief.
她⽆法抉择，⼼情压抑，⽽前夫马赛⼀把孩⼦接⾛或是送到诊所接受检查，她就会有⼀种轻松感。
2. Rupert with his flexible young knees sat in a hunch-and-crouch pose in imitation of the natives.
鲁珀特年龄⼩，双膝柔韧，学着当地⼈的样⼦，⼸背缩⾝地跪坐着。
3. Stainless steel possess good hardness and high strength.
译⽂：不锈钢硬度⼤，强度⾼。
4. Penicillin works by not allowing a bacterium to build its cell w all.
青霉素的作⽤是不让细菌制造细胞壁。
5. This is the solid rocky bottom under the ooze and mud of the ocean floor.
海底软泥和泥层下⾯是坚硬的岩⽯层。
6. There is a 30% increase of our installed capacity with this year.
今年，我们的装机容量增加了30%。
7. 在⼯作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的的错误。
We must avoid making mistakes in our work.
9. 质⼦带阳电，电⼦带阴电，⽽中⼦既不带阳电也不带阴电。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.
10. He put his hand into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他双⼿插进⼝袋，耸了耸肩。
10. Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.
仓库重地，严禁吸烟。
2.4词类转换法(conversion)
词类转换法(conversion)是基于两种语⾔习惯的不同，在翻译中保留词语意义⽽改变此类的做法。
1. Maya Angelou returned to America in 1964, with the intention of helping Malcolm build his new Organization of African American Unity.
玛雅安琪露于1964年返回美国，打算帮助马尔科尔⽊新建⽴⼀个⾮裔美籍⼈联合会。
2. Shortly after her arrival in the United States, Malcolm was assassinated, and his plans for a new organization died with him.
马尔科尔⽊来美不久即遭暗杀，他筹建新组织的计划也随即夭亡。
3. His (Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.) assassination, falling on her birthday in 1968, left her devastated（蹂躏，破坏；使荒废）.
1968年她⽣⽇那天，⼩马丁路德⾦被⼈暗杀，她痛不欲⽣。
4. There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.
译⽂：学⽣家长普遍认为学校不再对教单词拼写感兴趣。
5. He was popular among young people.
译⽂：他在年轻⼈中很受欢迎。
6. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of the illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
译⽂：给我们留下极深印象的是：即便那些没有被告知其病情的病⼈对其疾病的潜在后果也⾮常清楚。
7. 学⽣们都应该德、智、体全⾯发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.
(名词转副词)
8. 由于我们实⾏了改⾰开放政策，我国的综合国⼒有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)
9. The imitation of living systems, be it direct or indirect, is very useful for devising machines, hence the rapid development of bionics.
对⽣物系统的模仿，不管是直接的还是间接的，对机械设计都很有⽤，因此仿⽣学得以快速发展。
10. Abraham Lincoln wanted to build a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.
林肯想建⽴⼀个民有民治民享的政府。
11. A valuable instrument may be damaged beyond repair in a few seconds of carelessness.
由于疏忽⼤意，贵重的仪表可在⼏秒钟之内被损坏到⽆法修复的程度。
疏忽⼏秒钟，贵重的仪表就可能会彻底损坏，⽆法修复。
11. Some of my class-mates are good singers.
我的同班同学中有些⼈唱歌唱的很好。
12. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的⼲部吃简陋的饮⾷，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间的⼯作。
党的⼲部长时间地⼯作，⽽他们吃的是粗陋的饭菜，住的是寒冷的窑洞，点的是昏暗的油灯。
13. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—— but soft.
bacterium史蒂⽂森有⼝才，有风度，但很软弱。
14. The Wilde family were religious.
王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。
15. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.
他不抽烟，可他爸爸却是个⽼烟。
2.5顺序调整法(inversion)
为避免字对字，⾏对⾏翻译所产⽣的弊端，翻译中要根据⽬的与习惯进⾏词序和句内结构的调整，但顺序调整后的译⽂不能偏离原⽂的句⼦重⼼。
1. During the early history of the United States, a man virtually owned his wife and children as he did his material possessions.
在美国早期历史上，男⼈就像拥有个⼈物质财产⼀样完全拥有⾃⼰的妻⼦和孩⼦。
2. The medical profession is an example of changed attitudes in the 19th and 20th centuries about what was regarded as suitable work for women.
关于什么是适合于⼥⼈的⼯作，19和 20世纪的⼈们态度发⽣了转变，其中⼀例就是对于医疗职业态度的转变。
3.It also plays an important role in making the earth more habitable, as warm ocean currents bring milder temperatures to places that would otherwise be quite cold.
由于温暖的洋流能把温暖的⽓候带给那些本来⼗分寒冷的地区并使之变暖, 因此, 海洋在使我们这个地球更适合⼈类居住⽅⾯也扮演⼀个重要的⾓⾊（原因状语从句）
4. Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder anything you catch!
当你跟可爱的孩⼦们站在池⼦⾥，⼜有个年轻的狄安娜在池边好奇的接受你捉上来的任何东西的时候，如果你懂得什么叫美的话，时间是过得很快的！
要是你和⼀可爱的孩⼦在池塘中捉鱼摸虾，有位天仙般的姑娘站在池边，快活地捡起你们的“战利品”，你若知美，定会觉得时间如⽩驹过隙，⼀晃即逝。(逆序法)
5. while the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for a young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour.
(当时)这个世纪刚过了⼗⼏年。在六⽉的⼀天早上，天⽓晴朗，启斯维克林荫道上平克顿⼥⼦学校的⼤铁门前⾯来了⼀辆宽敞的私⼈马车。拉车的两匹马套着锃亮的马具，⼀个肥胖的车夫戴了假发和三⾓帽⼦，赶车的速度是⼀⼩时四英⾥。（分译法）6. Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: s
he will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe.
麦琪的不⾛麦琪就不会不紧张：她会⽆助的蜷缩在⾓落⾥，她相貌平平，双臂双腿上尽是烧伤的疤痕，让她羞于见⼈。她打量着，眼神很复杂，既羡慕她⼜畏惧她。(顺译法)
7. The din of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.
摆摊的⾼声吆喝，兜售⾃⼰的商品，赶驴的⼩伙和脚夫扯开嗓门，叫前⾯的⼈开道⼉让路，买主和店家争来争去、讨价还价，⼈声喧噪，持续不断，让⼈头昏脑晕。
8. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
翻译就是在译⼊语中⽤最贴近的⾃然对等语再现源语信息，⾸先要考虑的是意思，其次才是形式。（顺译法）
9. Baker is typical of many translation scholars who make detailed use of the terminology of function
al grammar and discourse analysis in that she devotes by far the most attention to the textual function.
在详细运⽤功能语法和语篇分析术语的众多翻译学家中，贝克很有代表性，因为到⽬前为⽌她是最关注语篇功能的学者。
10. Linguistic differences are of course indicative of cultural differences, and Venuti is one critic who sees linguistics-oriented approaches as projecting ‘a conservative model of translation that would unduly restrict (translation’s) ro le in cultural innovation and change’.
语⾔的差异当然表明着⽂化的差异，韦努提批评语⾔学导向的研究⽅法使⽤的保守翻译模式，它限制了翻译促进⽂化创新和发展的作⽤。
11. Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.
合成材料通常称为⼈造材料。许多⼈造材料正逐步取代某些天然材料，这或许是因为天然制品的数量不能满⾜⼈们⽇益增长的需求，但更多的则是因为⼈们看中了合成材料的某种物理性能，并充分发挥这些性能，以便使合成材料在其应⽤领域中最⼤限

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。