考试的题型有所变化，第一项：术语的翻译10题10分；第二项：填空20分20题；第三项：选择20题20分；第四项：判断，20题20分；第五项：名词解释，10题15分；第六项：Practical work 2题20分
题库一
一、Translate the following terms into their Chinese equivalents (10%):
1. displacement
6. semantic triangle
2. synchronic
7. Phonemic contrast
3. presupposition
8. phoneme
4. Lange
9. argument
5. semantic anomaly
10. Prescriptive
11. arbitrariness
16. place of articulation
12. minimal pair
17. diachronic
13. entailment
18. morpheme
14. parole
19. phrase structure rule
15. componential analysis
20. reference
1. 语言的不受时空限制的特征性
2. 共时
3. 预设
4. 语言   
5. 语义异体
6. 语义三角
7. 音位对立
8. 音素
9. 论元
10. 规定性的
11.任意性12.最小对立体13.蕴涵14.言语
15.成分分析16.发音位置17.历时18.语素19.短语规则20.所指
二、Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words
1. V___________ of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “voicing”.
2. Words and phrases are organized according to the s_____________ categories they belong to.
3. English is an i_____________ language.
4. P___________ structure rules allow us to better understand how words and phrases form
5. [p] and [ph], the two allophones of the same phoneme /p/, are said to be in c______________ distribution.
6. The application of syntactic movement rules t_____________ a sentence from the level of D-structure to that of S-structure.
7. According to the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure, p___________ refers to the realization of language in actual use.
8. S________ is the subdiscipline of linguistics that studies language in social contexts.
9. S_________ is the linguistic study of meaning in abstraction.
10. M________ is the study of the way in which words are formed.
11. The English sounds [m],[n] and [?] are called n_______ consonants.
12. Generally speaking, we can divide p______ into at least three branches: articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics.
13. The term a__________ is used for oppositeness of meaning.
14. English speech sounds can be classified into vowels and c__________.
15. A d___________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development
  of language over a period of time.
16. Linguistic c__________ refers to the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker.
17. D___________ features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
18. Phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of  D-_________.
19. T________ are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of
the vocal cords.
20. The h_____________ order can be best illustrated with a tree diagram of constituent structure.
21. The description of a language as it changes through time is a d________________ study.
22. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C_____________ principle proposed by J. Grice.
23. A_____________ means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.
24. The structural and logical functional relations between every noun phrase and the verb in a sentence are called g_______________ relations.
25. T________ are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords.
26. The h_____________ order can be best illustrated with a tree diagram of constituent structure.
27. The linguistic study of meaning in the context of use is called p____________.
28. The term a________ is used for oppositeness of meaning.
29. There are two ways to classify consonants: by place of articulation and by m________ of articulation.
30. P________ is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language.
31. Language is p________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its uses.
32. A linguistic study is p___________ if it tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviour.
33. Semantics can be simply defined as the study of m______.
34. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human c_______.
35. Modern linguistics, i.e. linguistic study carried out from the last century, is mostly D___________.
36. D___________ morphology studies word-formation.
37. P___________ is the study of language with reference to psychology.
38. F_______ morpheme are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.

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