《计算机科学导论》课后练习(翻译)
Chapter 1 练习
复习题Turing proposed that all kinds of computation could be performed by a special kind of a machine. He based the model on the actions that people perform when involved in computation. He abstracted these actions into a model for a computational machine that has really changed the world.
conversion翻译方法的定义图灵模型假设各种各样的运算都能够通过一种特殊的机器来完成,图灵机的模型是基于各种运算过程的。图灵模型把运算的过程从计算机器中分离开来,这确实改变了整个世界。
2.定义一个基于冯·诺伊曼模型的计算机。
答:The von Neumann Model defines the components of a computer, which are memory, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit and the input/output subsystems.
冯·诺伊曼模型定义了计算机的组成,它包括存储器、算术逻辑单元、控制单元和输入/输出系统。
3.在基于图灵模型的计算机中,程序的作用是什么?
答:Based on the Turing model a program is a set of instruction that tells the computer what to do.
基于图灵模型的计算机中程序是一系列的指令,这些指令告诉计算机怎样进行运算。
4.在基于冯·诺伊曼模型的计算机中,程序的作用是什么?
答:The von Neumann model states that the program must be stored in the memory. The memory of modern computers hosts both programs and their corresponding data.
冯·诺伊曼模型的计算机中,程序必须被保存在存储器中,存储程序模型的计算机包括了程序以及程序处理的数据。
5.计算机中有哪些子系统?
答:The subsystems of the von Neumann model are memory, the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), the control unit, and the input/output.
冯·诺伊曼模型的计算机中子系统包括存储器、算术逻辑单元、控制单元和输入/输出单元。
6.计算机中存储器子系统的功能是什么?
答:Memory is the storage area used for programs and data.
存储器的功能是用来保存程序和数据的。
7.计算机中ALU子系统的功能是什么?
答:The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) is where calculations and logical operations take place.
计算机中ALU子系统的功能是进行算术和逻辑运算的地方。
8.计算机中控制单元子系统的功能是什么?
答:The control unit controls the operations of the memory, ALU, and the input/output subsystem.
计算机中控制单元子系统的功能是控制存储器、算术逻辑单元和输入/输出的运行。
9.计算机中输入/输出子系统的功能是什么?
答:The input subsystem accepts input data and the program from outside the computer; the output subsystem sends the result of the processing to the outside.
计算机中输入子系统的功能是接收计算机外部输出的程序和数据;输出子系统是发送处理结果到计算机外部。
10.简述5个时代的计算机?
答:The first generation (roughly 1950–1959) is characterized by the emergence of commercial computers and were used only by professionals. The second-generation (roughly 1959–1965) computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The third generation (roughly 1965 and 1975) started with the invention of the integrated circuit that reduced the cost and size of computers even further. The fourth generation (approximately 1975–1985) saw the appearance of microcomputers. The fifth generation
started in 1985. It witnessed the appearance of laptop and palmtop computers, improvements in secondary storage media (CD-ROM, DVD, etc.), the use of multimedia, and the phenomenon of virtual reality.
第一代计算机(约1950—1959)的特点是商业计算机的出现和仅由专业人士使用。第二代计算机(约1959—1965)用晶体管替代了真空管。第三代计算机(约1965—1975)开始于集成电路的发明,这大大降低了计算机的成本和尺寸。第四代计算机(约1975—1985)开始出现微型计算机。第五代计算机始于1985年,以笔记本电脑和掌上电脑的出现为依据,辅助存储媒体得到改进(CD-ROM,、DVD等),多媒体得到应用,虚拟现实得以实现。

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