翻译笔记之八大技巧
Eight translation techniques
1．增译法(amplification)；
2．重译法(repetition)；
3．减译法(omission)；
4．词类转移法(conversion)；
5．词序调整法(inversion)：
6．分译法(division)；
7．正说反译，反说正译(negation)；
8．语态变换法(the change of the voices)
Group competition
1．I am looking forward to the holidays．
我在等待假日的到来.
2．Much of our morality is customary．
我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
3．Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness，affection weakness，thrift avarice．勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
4. Histories make men wise；poets witty；the mathematics subtle；natural philosophy deep；moral grave；logic and rhetoric able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。
5. As an Oriental，I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement．
作为一个东方人，我不得不为贵国所取得的历史性成就感到骄傲。
Amplification 增译法
Three types: Semantic amplification,
Grammatical amplification,
Rhetoric amplification
Semantic amplification
1. The crowds melted away
人渐渐散开了.
2. We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.
我们都被他那种崇高品质所深深感染.
3. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡.
loftiness patriot: 英语习惯运用抽象词汇，而汉语习惯运用具体词汇将“抽象概念变为具体概念”，
类似词汇如：arrogance, indifference, tension，confusion, solution, remedies, jealousy, fault-finding
增补概括性的词
1. The advantages of the meeting room are bright, spacious, fashionable, and without echoes.
这个会议室有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、时髦、无回声。
2. The Americans and the Russians have undergone series of secret consultations.
美俄双方已进行了一系列的秘密磋商.
3. Henry Kissinger had slept there before，in July and again in October．
conversion翻译方法的定义这之前，基辛格在7月和10月两度在那里下榻。
增补表示复数概念的词
Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon．
直到昨天下午霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟讨论了我的各项建议。
Consider my auto-repairman，again．He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me．
你再想想我的汽车修理师吧。他有个习惯，每次见到我都要跟我讲些笑话。
Grammatical amplification
1. The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”
老人说，“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许和我们现在一样穷。”
2. I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was.
以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时，我会感到高兴。但这次情况确是如此。
3. A ring road lies on the site of an old city wall which has been moved.
旧的城墙已经拆掉，原来的墙址上修了一条环城马路.
4.According to our record，your corporation bought substantial quantity of chemicals from
us．Unfortunately the business between us.
根据我们的记录，贵公司过去购买我们的化工产品的数量相当可观，可惜近年来业务一度中断了。
5.Man，was，is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions．
人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。
was as poor as we are. Had never thought has been moved…采用“语法时间状语或语气助词”添词
增补连词
1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward，whereas conceit makes one lag behind．
2. 跑了和尚跑不了庙。
The monk may run away，but the temple can’t run away with him.
3. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
So long as green hills remain，there will never be a shortage of fire-wood．
Rhetoric amplification
1. They were, in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good-humor when they were please
d, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it; but proud and conceited.
事实上，她们都是非常优雅的女士；她们并不是不会谈笑风生，问题是要碰到她们高兴的时候；她们也不是不会待人和颜悦，问题在于她们是否乐意这样做；可惜的是，她们一味骄傲自大.
2. The fan，with its modern，elegant，bright，and harmoniously colored design，is an excellent
electrical household appliance for cooling purposes on hot summer days．
本电扇款式新颖，造型雅致，彩鲜艳，泽调和。是炎炎夏日消暑纳凉之家电精品。
Question for thought
What is the purpose of using amplification in translation?
A) To make the version natural and fluent
B) To achieve rhetoric effects
C) To adequately render the original meaning
Repetition 重复法
1) The relation between Repetition and Amplification: repetition is one subgroup of amplification .
2) The purposes of repetition in translation:
a) To clarify
b) To emphasize
c) To make the translation vivid
3) The types of repetition
a) To repeat nouns
b) To repeat verbs
c) To repeat pronouns
重复名词
1.1 英语中作宾语的名词
1. Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.
我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧.
2. I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.
我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障的情况。
3. They begin to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.
他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
1.2 重复英语中作表语的名词
1. He became an oil baron——all by himself.
他成了一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王
2. This has been our position——but not theirs.
这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
3. John is your friend as much as he is mine
约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。
1.3 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词
1. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.

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