翻译试题介绍及解题技巧
1. 试题介绍
在高等学校英语应用能力测试中，英译汉目的在于考查考生对英语书面材料的理解能力。通常情况下，此题型一共有五小题，前面四小题是以多项选择的形式出现。每小题有四个答案选择，均与原句意义非常接近。其中，有一个选择为最佳译文，得分为2分；最后一小题是短文翻译，得分最高分7分。此题考试时间为25分钟，共15分。要想在这么短的时间内做完题且获高分，考生一方面必须对原句有一个正确的理解，同时在另一方面必须掌握一定的翻译技巧。
2．解题技巧指导
（一）词类转换法（conversion）
在英译汉时，将英语中的某种词类在保证原文意义不变的情
况下，根据汉语的需要改变成另一类词的方法。如：
Congratulations on your new promotion. (CET3- 2001.6)
[译文] 祝贺你的又一次提升。
[分析] 原文中的congratulations 为名词，译成汉语时转化为动词。
（二）分译法（division）Book 4---2
      分译法就是在英译汉时把长句拆开来分译为短句，使句子通
顺易懂。如：
This book is divided into sixteen units that deal with
topics of everyday conversation. (CET3- 2001.6)
[译文] 本书共分为16个单元，内容涉及日常生活会话。
[分析] 原句是一个带定语从句的复合句，句子显得较长，译文根据汉语的需要可分拆成两个并列的分句，使译文变得通顺。
（三）省略法（omission）Book 3—4  Book 4---3
省略法是将原文的某些词省去不译，因为译文虽无其词已有
其意。一般来说，英语中的冠词、连词、代词尤其是人称代词、关系代词、关系副词等译成汉语时常可省略。如：
So, we are inviting you to bring your car into our shop for a free inspection and adjustment.  (CET3- 2000.12)
[译文] 现在邀请您开车来我车行，以便对您的车作一次免费检查和调试。
[分析] 原文中的we, to, for都省略不译，但意思仍然完整。
（四）增词法 （amplification）
Book 3--5  增词法（1）增词法（2）
Book 4--4
      为了使译文忠实地表述原文的意思并符合汉语的表达习惯，必须对译文增加一些词语，方能使句子完整。例如：
Will you need an experienced desk clerk for your hotel next summer ? (CET3- 2001.12)
  [译文] 不知贵旅馆明年夏天是否需要一名有经验的前台服务员？
[分析]  译文中增加了“不知”和“是否”等词，使句子完整，同时也使问话显得委婉。
conversion翻译方法的定义（五）反译法（negation）Book 3---10
由于英汉两种语言的思维逻辑、表达方式不同，英译汉时有时正译不顺，翻译出的内容又不符合汉语的习惯表达方式，这就要从反面翻译。如：
While many businesses complete for the customer’s dollar, they can’t afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
[译文] 一方面，商家为赚取顾客的钱而竞争；另一方面，他们又必须把顾客当上司和主人看待。
[分析]  译文把原文否定形式can’t afford翻译成肯定形式，把inferiors or slaves从反面表达改为“上司和主人”。
翻译试题介绍及解题技巧
1. 词义的选择 
He is ill; that accounts for his absence.
I want you to account for every cent you spent.
When viewing the problem, the leaders should take the following point into account.
2. 词义的引伸
Every life has its roses and thorns.
The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.
3. 词义的褒贬  ambition
He was talking about his hopes and ambitions.
She had no personal ambition.
4. 省略法 
省略法是将原文的某些词省去不译，因为译文虽无其词已有
其意。一般来说，英语中的冠词、连词、代词尤其是人称代词、关系代词、关系副词等译成汉语时常可省略。
We live and learn.
There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass were dead.
5. 增词法（1）
This coat is indeed cheap and fine.
You and I.
If only I could swim.
Will you need an experienced desk clerk for your hotel next summer ? (CET3- 2001.12)
  [译文] 不知贵旅馆明年夏天是否需要一名有经验的前台服务员？
[分析]  译文中增加了“不知”和“是否”等词，使句子完整，同时也使问话显得委婉。
6. 重复法（1）
People forget your face first, then your name.
These Laid-off workers need money, vocational training and support.
Out of sight, out of mind.
He was completely honest in reply.
The three children ate up everything in the house.
But there had been too much publicity about the case.
7词类转译（1）
英语动词、形容词、副词译成汉语名词；
英语名词、介词、形容词、副词译成汉语动词；
英语名词、动词、副词译成汉语形容词；
英语名词、形容词译成汉语副词。
Television works in much the same way as radio.
The railway ticket is valid for two days.
He is physically weak, but mentally sound.
Shanghai is on the Huangpu River.
The class is over.
I have no private interest in the acceptance of my inventions by the world.
The Smith family were religious.
We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.
As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
The novel impressed him deeply.
He will be heartily welcome if he comes to visit here.
Such help is needed before they can find a useful method.
It doesn’t matter to me what you do or where you go.
He had the kindness to show me the way.
8. 反译法

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