2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语（一）试题
Section I  Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
①Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. ②That is   1  a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has   2  .
①The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted   3  1,932 unique subjects which   4  pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. ②The same people were used in both   5  .
①While 1% may seem   6  , it is not so to a geneticist. ②As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even   7  their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who   8  our kin.”
  ①The study   9  found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. ②Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. ③  10  , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more   11  it. ④There could be many mechanisms working together that   12  us in choosing genetically similar friends   13  “functional kinship” of being friends with   14  !
  ①One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving   15  than other genes. ②Studying this could help   16  why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major   17  factor.
①The findings do not simply explain people’s   18  to befriend those of similar   19  backgrounds, say the researchers. ②Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to   20  that all subjects, friends and str
angers were taken from the same population. ③The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.
1.[A] what            [B] why            [C] how            [D] when
2.[A] defended        [B] concluded        [C] withdrawn      [D] advised
3.[A] for            [B] with            [C] by              [D] on
4.[A] separated        [B] sought        [C] compared      [D] connected
5.[A] tests            [B] objects        [C] samples          [D] examples
6.[A] insignificant    [B] unexpected    [C] unreliable      [D] incredible
7.[A] visit            [B] miss            [C] know          [D] seek
8.[A] surpass        [B] influence        [C] favor          [D] resemble
9.[A] again        [B] also            [C] instead          [D] thus
10.[A] Meanwhile    [B] Furthermore    [C] Likewise          [D] Perhaps
11.[A] about        [B] to            [C] from          [D] like
12.[A] limit            [B] observe        [C] confuse          [D] drive
13.[A] according to    [B] rather than    [C] regardless of      [D] along with
14.[A] chances        [B] responses        [C] benefits          [D] missions
15.[A] faster        [B] slower        [C] later              [D] earlier
16.[A] forecast        [B] remember    [C] express          [D] understand
17.[A] unpredictable    [B] contributory    [C] controllable      [D] disruptive
18.[A] tendency        [B] decision        [C] arrangement    [D] endeavor
19.[A] political        [B] religious        [C] ethnic          [D] economic
20.[A] see            [B] show        [C] prove          [D] tell
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.” ②But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. ③So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? ④Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. ②When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of states. ②And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). ③But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. ②Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. ③At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
polarised

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