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2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码：201）
试卷条形码
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Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is  1  a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has  2　.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted  3  1,932 unique subjects which  4  pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both  5　.
While 1% may seem  6　, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even  7  their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who  8  our kin.”
The study  9  found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now.  10　, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more  11  it. There could be many mechanisms working together that  12  us in choosing genetically similar friends  13　“functional kinship” of being friends with  14　!
One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving  15  than other genes. Studying this could help  16  why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,
with social environment being a major  17  factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s  18  to befriend those of similar  19  backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to  20  that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
1. [A] what [B] how [C] why [D] when
2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
3. [A] for [B] with [C] by [D] on
4. [A] separated [B] sought [C] compared [D] connected
5. [A] tests [B] objects [C] samples [D] examples
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C] unreliable [D] incredible
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] know [D] seek
8. [A] surpass [B] influence [C] favor [D] resemble
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
11. [A] about [B] to [C] from [D] like
12. [A] limit [B] observe [C] confuse [D] drive
13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
14. [A] chances [B] responses [C] benefits [D] missions
15. [A] faster [B] slower [C] later [D] earlier
16. [A] forecast [B] remember [C] express [D] understand
17. [A] unpredictable [B] contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
18. [A] tendency [B] decision [C] arrangement [D] endeavor
19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
polarisedDirections:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particu
larly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.
21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain
[A] used to enjoy high public support.
[B] was unpopular among European royals.
[C] ended his reign in embarrassment.
[D] eased his relationship with his rivals.
22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly
[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status.
[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.
[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to.
[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment.
23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?
[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.
[B] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.
[C] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.
[D] The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.
24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles
[A] takes a tough line on political issues.
[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised.
[C] takes republicans as his potential allies.
[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role.
25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
[B] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs
[C] Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats
[D] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne

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