心理学统计符号列表和释义 | ||
印刷体 | 英文释义 | 中文释义 |
ANCOVA | Analysis of covariance | 协方差分析 |
ANOVA | Analysis of variance (univariance) | 方差分析（单变量） |
d | Cohen’s measure of effect size | 用于柯斯二氏检验 |
d’ | (d prime)measure of sensitivity | 敏感性测量或辨别力 |
D | Used in Kolmogorov-Smirnov test | 用于Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验 |
df | degree of freedom | 自由度 |
f | Frequency | 频次 |
fe | Expected frequency | 期望频次 |
F | Fisher’s F ratio | 费舍F比率 |
Fmax | Hartley’s test of variance homogeneity | Hartley’s方差齐性检验 |
H | Used in Kruskal-Wallis test;also used to mean hypothesis | 用于克-瓦氏检验；也可代表“假设” |
H0 | Null hypothesis under test | 检验中的虚无假设 |
H1 | Alternative hypothesis | 对立假设或备择假设 |
HSD | Tukey’s honestly significant difference (also referred to as the Tukey a procedure) | Tukey’s真实显著性差异 |
k | Coefficient of alienation | 离散系数 |
k² | Coefficient of nondetermination | 非决定系数 |
K-R 20 | Kuder-Richardson formula | 库理20号公式 |
LR | Likelihood ratio (used with some Chi-square) | 似然比（与一些卡方值一同使用） |
LSD | Fisher’s least significant difference | 费舍最小显著性差异 |
M | Mean (arithmetic average) | 平均数（算术平均数） |
MANOVA | Multivariate analysis of variance | 多元方差分析或多因变量方差分析 |
Mdn | Median | 中数 |
mle | Maximum likelihood estimate (used with programs such as LISREL) | 最大似然估计（与诸如LISREL之类的程序一起使用） |
mode | Most frequently occurring score | 众数 |
MS | Mean square | 均方 |
MSE | Mean square error | 均方误 |
n | Number in a subsample | 样本数 |
N | Total number in a sample | 样本总数 |
ns | Nonsignificant | 差异不显著 |
p | Probability; also the success probability of a binomial variable | 概率；也指二项分布中的成功概率 |
P | Percentage, percentile | 百分比；百分位数 |
pr | Partial correlation | 偏相关 |
q | 1- p for a binomial variable | 二项分布中1- p的值 |
Q | Quartile (also used in Cochran’s test) | 四分差 |
r | Pearson product-moment correlation | 皮尔逊积差相关 |
r² | Pearson product-moment correlation squared; coefficient of determination | 皮尔逊积差相关的平方；决定系数 |
rb | Biserial correlation | 二列相关 |
rk | Reliability of mean k judges’ ratings | 评分者信度 |
r1 | Estimated reliability of the typical judge | 典型判断的估计信度 |
rpb | Point-biserial correlation | 点二列相关 |
rs 或rR | Spearman rank correlation coefficient(formerly rho [ρ]) | 斯皮尔曼等级相关系数（以前用ρ表示） |
R | Multiple correlation;also composite rank, a significance test | 多重相关；也可表示等级 |
R² | Multiple correlation squared;measure of strength of relationship | 多重相关的平方；关系强度的测量 |
SD | Standard devation | 标准差 |
SE | Standard error | 标准误 |
SEM | Standard error of measurement | 测量的标准误 |
sr | Semipartial correlation | 半偏相关 |
SS | Sum of squares | 平方和 |
t | Computed value of t test | t检验统计量 |
T | Computed value of Wilcoxon’s or McCall’s test | 威尔科克逊或麦考尔检验统计量 |
T ² | Computed value of Hotelling’s test | Hotelling’s检验的统计量 |
Tukey a | Turkey’s HSD procedure | Turkey’s HSD程序 |
U | Computed value of Mann-Whitney test | 曼-惠特尼检验统计量 |
V | Cramer’s statistic for contingency tables; Pillai-Bartlett multivariate criterion | 列联表的Cramer’s统计值，根据卡方系数计算公式而得 |
W | Kendall’s coefficient of concordance | 肯德尔和谐系数 |
x | Abscissa (horizontal axis in graph) | 横坐标 |
y | Ordinate (vertical axis in graph) | 纵坐标 |
z | A standard score; difference between one value in a distribution and the mean of the distribution divided by the SD | 标准分；一个分布中的某变量和平均数的差距除以SD所得值 |
|a| | Absolute value of a | a的绝对值 |
α | Alpha; probability of a Type I error; Cronbach’s index of internal consistency | 犯І型错误的概率；克伦巴赫内部一致性信度系数 |
β | Beta; probability of a Type Ⅱ error (1-β is statistical power); standardized multiple regression coefficient | 犯Ⅱvariable used in lambda型错误的概率（1-β为统计检验力）；标准化多元回归系数 |
γ | Gamma; Goodman-Kruskal’s index of relationship | Goodman-Kruskal’s关系指数 |
Δ | Delta(cap); increment of change | 变化的增加量 |
η² | Eta squared; measure of strength of relationship | 关系强度的测量 |
θ | Theta(cap); Roy’s multivariate creterion | Roy’s多因变量检验标准 |
λ | Lambda; Goodman-Kruskal’s measure of predictability | Goodman-Kruskal’s预测系数 |
Λ | Lambda(cap); Wilks’s multivariate criterion | 大写Lambda; Wilks’s多因变量检验标准 |
ν | Nu; degrees of freedom | 自由度 |
ρ1 | Rho(with subscript); intraclass correlation coefficient | Rho(带下标)； 组内相关（类相关）系数 |
Σ | Sigma(cap); sum or summation | Sigma（大写）； 相加求和 |
τ | Tau; Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient; also Hotelling’s multivariate trace criterion | Tau; Kendall’s等级相关系数；也表示Hotelling’s多变量trace检验标准 |
φ | Phi; measure of association for a contingency table; also a parameter used in a determining sample size or statistical power | Phi; 列联表相关指标；也用作决定样本量的参数或统计检验力 |
φ2 | Phi squared; proportion of variance accounted for in a 2*2 contingency table | Phi的平方；2×2列联表方差比例 |
χ2 | Computed value of a chi-square test | 卡方检验值 |
Ψ | Psi; a statistical comparison | Psi; 统计比较 |
w2 | Omega squared; measure of strength of relationship | Omega的平方；关系强度的测量 |
^ | (caret) when above a Greek letter (or parameter), indicates an estimate (or statistic) | 用于希腊字母或符号的上面表示估计或统计 |
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