Contents
Abstract and Key words (1)
1. Introduction (2)
2. Characteristics of Sci-Tech English compounds (2)
2.1 Semantic features (2)
2.2 Feature of form (3)
2.2.1. Noun compound (3)
2.2.1.1. noun (Ving) +noun (3)
2.2.1.2. adjective+noun (3)
2.2.1.2. adjective+noun (4)
2.2.1.3. participle (adjective) +noun (4)
2.2.1.4. noun+gerund (4)
2.2.1.5. adjective+gerund (4)
2.2.1.6. Two modificatory words+one centeral word (4)
2.2.1.7. Three modificatory words+one central word (4)
2.2.1.8. Four modificatory words+one central word (4)
2.2.2. Adjective compound (4)
2.2.2.1. noun, adjective, adverb+adjective …………………………... ..4
2.2.2.2 numeral, adjective+noun …………………………………….. ..5
2.2.2.
3. noun, adjective, numeral+nouned …………………………... ..5
2.2.2.4. noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb+ participle ……………….. ..5
2.2.2.5. Adjective compound which is hyphenate with more than two
words (5)
3. Grammatical features (5)
3. The translation of Sci-tech English compounds (5)
3.1. Approaches of literal and liberal translation (5)
3.2 Translations through semantic analysis (6)
3.2.1 Transparent word (7)
3.2.2 Divergent word (7)
3.2.3 Opaque word (7)
4. Conclusion (8)
Acknowledgements (9)
Bibliography (10)
Abstract:Today, with a development of science and technology, compounds play a very important role in glossary. English compounds widely occur in the scientific books and journals and they have become an inseparable important part in English vocabulary. This paper discusses and analyzes the structural and semantic of scientific and technological English compounds. It presents approaches to deal with the translation of scientific and technological compounds.
Key words:science and technology；English compounds；
translation
Sci-T ech English Compound Words and
Their Translation
科技英语复合词及其翻译
1. Introduction:
A compound is made up of two or more simple word. (OXFORD Advance Learner‟s English-Chinese Dictionary) Compounding, one of the chief methods of forming new words, is commonly used in present-day English and today the largest percentage of new words are formed by compounding. Compounding makes the active contribution in developing process of the science and technology English glossary, and enriches the English vocabulary.
Compounds, whose formation is one of the most important means to create new words, are very productive in the English language. It can be observed that these words are both extensively and popularly used in recent years‟English newspaper, magazines and literary works. This linguistic phenomenon has aroused an increasing attention and interest among linguists and language user as well.
Compounds mainly include compound noun, such as wind-tunnel computer, build-up, digital computer, unit process; compound adjective, such as bottle-shaped tower, stress-relieve, smoke-free; compound verb, such as nickname, outline, sightsee circuit-breaker; compound adverb, such as moreover, nevertheless. Compound pronoun, such as another, something, and anybody; compound conjunction such as whenever. And compound preposition, such as along side, outside, throughout and so on (Zhang Zhenbang2003). In modern English, many science and technology glo
ssaries are formed through compounding.
Sci-Tech English compounds possess their own structural and semantic characteristics. Understanding and analyzing thoroughly one surely helpful in Sci-Tech English compound translation.
2. Characteristics of Sci-T ech English compounds
As    a lexical unit, English compounds function both semantically and grammatically.
2.1. Semantic features
Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. For instance, a green power is the power of money, not a power is green in color. White house is by no means a house that is white, but an American government building. The meanings of such examples cannot be easily inferred from the two components of the compounds. Nevertheless, a lot of compounds are transparent, that is the meaning can be inferred from the separate elements of compounds. Consider the following random
examples: space-man (宇航员), lunar rover (月球车), laser printer (激光打印机)，hovercraft (气垫船)。But the two elements are inseparable and the change of the element would result in the loss of
the original identity.
With the development of science and technology, a large number of Sci-Tech English compounds are created, especially after the event of a great scientific event take place, many new Sci-Tech English compounds may be coined. For example, in 1969, man landed on the moon for the first time, and after the great moon landing. Many compounds connected with the moon occurred. Such as, moon fall(在月球登陆)，moon walk (月面行走), moonquake (月震), moonscape (月景), moon craft (月球探测机), moon shot (把宇宙飞船发射到月球),moon ship (登月飞船)，etc. They are coined in the form of compounding with new meaning.
2.2 Formative Features
For compounds, in writing and print there are three forms: 1. Solid compounds, such as sea lab (海洋实验室),deepfreeze (快速冷冻),etc. 2. Hyphenated compounds, such as environment-friendly (不会破坏环境)and sleeping-bag(睡袋),etc. 3. Open compounds, such as black hole (黑洞)and container ship (集装箱船)，etc. The conventions of solidity, hyphenation, and openness have tended to determine whether a word is considered a compound or not. Solidity and hyphenation endorse and reinforce compound status, visually distinguishing a greenhouse or a green-house from a green house (a house that is green). (McArthur, T.1992)
The hyphened compounds are most active lexeme in scientific and technological English compounding. It likes a mirror of the times and reflects every aspect of scientific and technological field even all walks of life. For example: 1. in science and technology: drop-ou t, data-processing, heat-resistance, boil-off.    2. in radio: frequency-modulate, radio-phonograph, disc-jockey. 3. in space flight: blast-off, count-down, splash-down, fire-raising.    4. in industry: machine-building, steel-production, noise-killer. 5. in life: window-shop, ticket-collector, coffee-drinker.
6. in medical: blood-let, blood-test, heart-lung machine, keep-fit class.
English compounds often occur in the scientific books and journals, so knowing the basic knowledge of the English compounding is of importance to ESL learners and helpful for translators to render English compounds into Chinese correctly. Here I only make a sweeping generalization about the structure of English compound no uns and compound adjectives.
2.2.1. Noun compound
This is the commonest type, and new specimens are constantly being formed. Noun compounds are subclassified according to the syntactic relation of the compounding element. Examples are followings:
2.2.1.1. noun (Ving) +noun
machine language (机器语言), decision science (决策科学), computer capacity (计算机能力), computer-chronograph (计时计算机), control code (控制码), laser-seeker (激光自寻导弹), charging neutrality (电荷中和).
2.2.1.2.adjective+noun
chromatographic column (谱柱), mechanical filter (机械性过滤嘴), colorimetric analysis (比分析), electrical communication (有线点通信), electric-diagnosis (电器诊断), industrial insurance (工业保险), parabolic velocity (抛物线速度), secondary information (二次情报).
2.2.1.modulate
3.participle (adjective) +noun
immobilized biocatalyst (固定化生物催化剂), assimilated quantity (同化量), saturated hydrocarbon (饱和碳氢化合物), combined carbon (结合碳), controlled rectifier(可整控流器), oxidizing agent(氧化剂), increasing function(递增函数).
2.2.1.4. noun+gerund
light scattering (光散射), propagation limiting(增殖限制), line breading ( 近亲育种), altitude charging (高空增压), performance checking (性能检查), computer programming (计算机设计), sideway floating (横向自动调节), vapor planting (汽化渗镀), ray proofing (防辐射).
2.2.1.5.adjective+gerund
manual catching (人工棒烟), late harvesting (晚期采收), regenerative cooling (再生冷却), universal coupling (万向接合器), analytic cracking (催化裂化), dynamic programming (动态规划), dieceletric heating (电介质加热), monadic breeding (单倍体育种).
2.2.1.6.Two modificatory words+one centeral word
mechanical hydraulic governor (机械调速器), industrial distribution equipment (工业配电装置), electronic data processing (电子数据处理系统), electronic countermeasure computer (电子对抗计算机), self- compiling language (自动编译程序), air pollution concentration (大气污染浓度).
2.2.1.7.Three modificatory words+one central word
phenosuffuric acid method (苯酚硫酸法), low boiling point component (低沸点烟气成分), computer-controlled manufacture system (计算机控制加工系统), jack-in-all-trades (万能博士).
2.2.1.8.Four modificatory words+one central word
three-layer construction logic circuit (三层结构逻辑电路), international through rail service waybill (国际铁路联运运单), foreign trade unit value index (外贸单位价格指数), high technology nicotine delivery systems (高科技尼古丁释放系统).
2.2.2. Adjective compound
Adjective compounds are also subclassified according to the syntactic relation of the compounding elements.
2.2.2.1. noun, adjective, adverb+adjective

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