任务型阅读理解解题技巧
考试要求：
许多省市中考英语试卷出现了一种综合阅读理解题型——任务型阅读。任务型阅读是一种主观性试题，也有人称为“读后做”，要求考生阅读短文后在理解的基础上，通过一定的判断、推理、归纳总结，去完成各种任务或者解决某种问题，这种题型介于阅读和写作之间，充分考查学生运用英语完成任务的能力。考生需要理解短文并且具备从短文材料中收集有关的各种信息，然后加工整理输出信息的能力。
1. 任务型阅读的题型：
任务型阅读主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语言综合应用能力的考查，考查的题型多样、命题灵活，可以是翻译句子，也可以是改写句子、还原句子。还可以是填写表格或回答问题。命题人对试题的难度也易于掌握，可以是单词拼写这样较简单的题，也可以是同义词转换等中档题，还可以有归纳主题大意、改写句子等高档题。近年来各省中考试题中任务型阅读主要题型如下：
1）阅读选择配对
根据阅读材料中所提供的语言信息出与题意要求相匹配的选项。这种选择题和四选一的题目不同,选项可能是句子或图片，形式可能是段落大意的归纳与段落的连线，但是可能不是一对一连线，一般都给出多余选项。
【注意】
  要认真阅读题干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚题目的前半个句子的内容要点，注意句子与短文的联系，切不可只看句子的部分内容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配对失误。要根据短文的内容和作者的意图去搭配、注意配对后的句子内容完整、与短文的内容保持一致。短文的段落主题和段落配对，要抓住短文段落的要点，要全面理解段落内容之间的关系，不能以偏概全。
请看下面例题：
You may feel comfortable with some people. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half a life. These people have something in common. And once we know what it is, we can try to do it ourselves.
How is it done? _____1_____ If you follow the skills, you’ll make friends with people quickly.
First of all, good talkers are questions. _____2____ One well-know businesswoman says, “At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It’s a common question, but it will get things going.” From there you can move on to some other questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
_____3____ This point seems clear, but it isn’t. Your question should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively.
Real listening at least means some things. _____4____ If someone sticks to one topic, it
means he’s really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to tones(声调) of voice. If the voice sounds boring, then, it’s time for you to change the subject.
Finally, good talkers know well when to say good-bye. Remember to give him a handshake and say, “I’ve really enjoyed meeting you.” _____5_____ Let people know what you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they’ve known you half their life.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。
A. Almost anyone will answer a question.
B. Here are several skills that good talkers have.
C. If you want to see that person again, don’t keep it a secret.
D. First, it means not to change the subject of the conversation.
E. Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers.
1._______  2. _______  3. ______  4. ______ 5. ______
【答案与解析】
conversation意思1.B。根据下文所提供的可以遵循的几条技巧可知，此处应表示“好的谈话者拥有的技巧”，故选B。
2.A。根据第三段中的“First of all, good talkers ask questions.”可知，此处表示“几乎每个人都将回答问题”，故选A。
3.E。根据上文“First of all”可知，此处列举了第二规则，故选E。
4.D。根据下文中的“Real listening also means not just listening to words，”可知，此处表示“首先，它意味着……”，故选D。
5.C。根据下文“Let people know what you feel”可知，此处表示“不要保守秘密”，故选C。
2) 阅读短文填空：
根据短文提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，其形式主要有完成句子、补全信息、所给短文的缩写或制定各种规则等任务形式。所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中到所要填写的词语或者用其同义词、近义词或短语填空、有时甚至反义词或短语可能用于与短文中对应句子意思相反的语句中。
【注意】
阅读填空一般是原短文的改写，所以必须注意原短文的内容、情景和一些关键词，对照原短文的句子和一些词汇、短语，然后用同义词汇、短语来替换。短文填空要遵循原短文的内容和要点，不能脱离原作者的意思乱填空。有一些空在遵循原短文的前提下，又需要适当发挥，答案可能不是唯一的。
请看下面例题：
阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容每空填写一个单词。
    Katie Spotz is a 22-year-old girl form America. She wants to cross the Atlantic Ocean b
y boat. If she succeeds, she’ll be the youngest and the first American to finish the 2500-mile trip.
  Spotz began sailing when she was at university, but she has never tried to sail such a long way before. It will be a great challenge for her. In recent years, she has swum all the way down the 325-mile Allegheny River and traveled by bike from Seattle to Washington.
  Spotz knows that she may see some dangerous things during the trip. It will be very dangerous if she meets very bad weather in the middle of the sea. But she believes that she can deal with all the difficulties.
  “I never thought I could run 26 miles,” she said. “But once I finished it, I realized that maybe I could do something even more difficult.”
  Spotz wants to collect money by going on this trip. She wants to collect money for an organization called “Blue Planet run”. The organization offers free, safe drinking water to people who need it.
    It’ll take her about three months to finish this trip. Good luck to this brave girl and best wishes to her!
The age of Spotz
(1)______ years old
The distance of the trip
(2)______ miles
A dangerous thing during the trip is
the (3)______ weather
The purpose of the trip
to collect (4)____for an organization
The trip will take
About (5)______months .
【答案与解析】

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