第三讲原文的理解和转换
Unit 03 Understanding & T ranslation
翻译下面的句子。
1.而今适逢西南交通大学百年华诞，世纪庆典，共襄盛举，追忆往事，铭记在
心，勒石流芳，以垂后世。
On this special occasion when Southwest Jiaotong University is marking its centenary anniversary, we recall the unforgettable past, write it down and engrave it on the memorial stone tablet so that it will be remembered by all the generations to come. 2.警察监视着犯罪嫌疑人的一举一动。
The police kept close watch on the man under suspicion.
3.我们是新雇员，得注意自己的一举一动。
As new employees we must be careful about what we do.
4.我常见许多青年的朋友，聪明用功，成绩优异，而语文程度不足以达意，甚
至写一封信亦难得通顺，问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。
I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done
exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language.
5.Britain could not have advanced her industrialization so rapidly if, just when owners
of factories needed it most, an abundant supply of cheap labour had not made itself available.
英汉互译翻译要不是正好在工厂老板们最需要劳动力的时候得到大量廉价劳动力，英国的工业化就不可能发展得这样迅速。
6. The heroic female character which ladies admire is a more glorious and beautiful object than the kind, fresh, smiling, artless, tender, little domestic goddess, whom men are inclined to worship.
男人们虽然把那些眉开眼笑、脸鲜嫩、脾气温和、心地善良、不明白世事的小东西当神明似的供奉在家，太太小们却佩服女中的豪杰；而且两相比较起来，女中豪杰的确更值得颂扬和赞美。
7. We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.
我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天就要来了。
8. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
9. But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.
但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变。
10. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话也不说。
11. We live and learn.
活到老，学到老。
12. You can never tell.
很难说。
13. Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.
新中国处处可以看到新人新事物。
14. She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it.
她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢。
15. Wash my face.
洗脸。
16. So the train came, he pinched his little sister lovingly, and put his great arms about his mother’s neck and then was away.
于是火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下小妹妹，粗壮的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后就走了。
17. You son or your father or your wife or your cousin or your best friend or your boss or your secretary might be an informer for Heydrich’s organization…
你的儿子，你的父亲，你的妻子，你的表亲，你的好友，你的上司，你的秘书，都可能是海德里希的告密者……
英语尽量避免重复
1) 音节重复
＊Close examination of the results of the investigation led to a reorganization of the department.
Close study of the results of the inquiry led to a
reorganization of the department.
2) 词语重复
＊We listened to an account of the customs of the
inhabitants of the village.
We Listened to an account of the villagers’ customs.
3) 意义重复
＊He asked the divisions to give their mutual cooperation to the project.
He asked the divisions to cooperate on the project.
＊assemble together;
＊repeat again;
＊still remain
英语避免重复的方法。
替代。(substitution)
名词性替代：用代词(第三人称代词、指示代词、关系代词、不定代词)或某些名词(half, the same, the kind, the sort, the former, the latter)来替代。
化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。
A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is formed.
动词性替代：用代动词do，复合代动词do so, do this/that, do the same, 以及替代句型so+do+主语等取代谓语动词。
你答应了要帮他就应该帮他。
You should help him since you have promised to do so.
玛丽会讲汉语，而且讲得很好。
Mary speaks Chinese, and that very well.
一个人的工作，究竟是三分成绩七分错误，还是七分成绩三分错误，必须有个根本的估价。
We must have a fundamental evaluation of a person’s work and establish whether his achievements amount to 30 percent and his mistakes to 70 percent, or vice versa.
变换(variation)
同名异称法：Mrs. Thatcher, she, the Prime Minister, the Iron Lady, the leader of the Conservative Party, the first woman Prime Minister.
近义词复现：上位词和统称词。
John’s bought himself a new Ford. He practically lives in the car.
I don’t know where to stay when I arrive in New Y ork. I have never been to that place.
3. 省略—零位替代(omission)
在并列结构中，英语常常省略前面出现过的词语，而汉语则往往重复这些词语：Reading exercises on’e eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.
阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。
英语常常承前省略相同的谓语动词，而汉语则较常承前省略相同的主语
翻译下面的中文
他所担任的工作
his work
另外还有
in addition
不切实际的幻想
illusion; fancy
1. 加速经济改革的步伐。
To accelerate the pace of economic reform.
To accelerate economic reform
2. 农业收成很好。
There have been good harvests in agriculture.
There have been good harvests.
3. 这些困难从本质上讲是短暂的。
These hardships are temporary in nature.
These hardships are temporary.
The flag is red in colour.
The pandas are few in number.
4. 我们经济未来的发展在很大程度上取决于教育的发展。
The development of our economy in the future will, to a large extent, depend on the development of education.
The development of our economy will depend to a large extent on the development of
education.
5. 随着农业机械化和电气化的实现，农民的生活水平得到了极大的提高。With the realization of mechanization and electrification of agriculture, the peasants’ living standards have been greatly raised.
With the mecha nization and electrification of agriculture, the peasants’ living standards have been greatly raised.
6. 这些是过渡时期努力完成总任务的重要条件。
These constitute important conditions in striving for the fulfillment of the general task in the transitional period.
These are important conditions for fulfilling the general task in the transition period. 7. 确保两国之间密切合作的关系
To ensure a relationship of close cooperation between…
To ensure close cooperation between…
8. 要我们一夜之间完成整个社会的转变是不可能的。
It is impossible for us to accomplish the transformation of the whole society overnight. It is impossible for us to transform the whole society overnight.
9. 想要诱使朝鲜军队对他们发起攻击。
Trying to entice the Korean army to launch an attack against them.
Trying to entice the Korean army to attack them.

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