翻译理论和英汉互译参考答案及评分标准A
I. Comment (in Chinese) on the following translations. (10%×5＝50%)
1. Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who is really deserving of all the praises the stone cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband; who actually does leave a disconsolate family to mourn his loss; ……
Translation:
一般说来，校长的信和墓志铭一样靠不住。不过偶然也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话，真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，尽职的丈夫，贤良的妻子，他们家里的人也真的哀思绵绵地追悼他们。……
评论主要切入点： good一词的翻译。
2. He is an excellent young man, both as son and brother.
Translation 1:
无论作为儿子还是哥哥，他都算得上一个好青年。
Translation 2:
这年轻人是好样的，既是他母亲的好儿子，也是他妹妹的好哥哥。
评论主要切入点： T1带有翻译腔，T2比T1自然流畅。
3. It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.
Translation:
聪明人从来不会犯错。
评论主要切入点：该译文属误译。
4. 到了光绪年间（1875----1908年），技艺日趋成熟，烟壶的内壁先经过磨砂，然后再将竹签或毛笔伸入壶内，采用反画技法，把图案画在壶壁上，奇异又雅致。
Translation:
But by the reign of Emperor Guangxu(1875----1908), the art was reaching maturity: by painting in a reverse way, artists made quaint elegant drawings with bamboo slips or writing brushes on the bottles’ polished inner walls.
评论主要切入点：原文为无主句，译文补出主语artists；汉语形合到英语意合的转换。
5. 你要不要活？井水不犯河水，你敢再犯，明年今日是你周年。
Translation:
Are you tired of living? “Well water and river water leave each other alone----stay out of things that don’t concern you.” If you dare to interfere again, next year at this time will be the first anniversary of your death.
评论主要切入点：直译、意译的结合。
II. Translate the following two passages into Chinese. (30%×2＝60%)
Passage 1参考译文
1963年8月，我们才回到英国不久，就去希思罗机场迎接奥尔德斯（Aldous）。一见面就看出他身上有什么地方极不对头：他面发灰，非常瘦，说话的音量只有平时的一半。是的，他说，他累极了，他刚在斯德哥摩出席了一次知识分子大会，想方设法挽救世界和平。事实上他通宵未眠，起草某种计划，因为委员会并未设计出任何具体方案，此外他还着了凉。但他安慰我们说，他就会好的，他只想在英国安安静静地呆一个月，就像他每年通常做的那样。
我们把他接到庞德街(Pond Street)住下，但很快就看出他所预期的康复并未来临。事实上，朱丽叶(Juliette)十分为他担心，特地预约了巴特医院最好的专家，送他去就诊，尽管他很不情愿去。事实是，他非常清楚自己有什么病——他即将死于癌症——却不愿意让我们知道；的确，我们从来不曾对这可怕的现实起过丝毫疑心。他从医院回来后只是告诉我们说，医生们劝他静养一个时期，还说他的声音很快就会恢复正常的。我们太过于相信他的话了。
Passage 2参考译文英汉互译翻译
在我成长的房子里有一间屋，我们把它称作图书馆。当然，那不是真正的图书馆，只不过是个小小的书斋，电视机还占据了主要的位置。但是它四面墙上安装了嵌入式书架，上面摆放着数百本书脊颜各异的精装本书籍，满屋的书籍把我们团团围住。这些书籍是我父母和祖父母花了毕生精力收集起来的，它们构成了我童年的一部分。
我这一代人——即20世纪50和60年代成年的人——可能是能体会这种感觉的最后一代人了，那种被成千上万文字环绕的感觉，那些文字是历代知名的和默默无闻的作家的产品。当前，在20世纪70年代中期，我们正目睹一种不易觉察但却毫无疑问存在的抛弃书籍这类事物的倾向。恐怕美国的家庭很快就不会再留出房间用作图书馆了。精装本的图书——那思想永驻的象征，那从一个时代向下一个时代传留的智慧——也许可以作为新的内容添加到濒临灭绝的物种名单上了。
问题主要在于我们生活在一个被动的时代。听唱片，看电影，看电视节目——这些都不需要文化消费者做任何事，只要他在场就行。而读书则需要消费者的意志力。他必须真正想知道书里说了什么，他不能仅仅只坐在那里；他得做点事，即使这事十分简单，只不过是动手翻开书本，关上门，然后开始读书。
评分原则：
1. 对原文理解准确无误，译文流畅，讲究用词，24－30分；
2. 对原文理解较准确，译文较流畅，（有少量理解错误或译文拗口之处）18－23分；
3. 对原文理解错误较多，译文欠流畅，语法错误较多，12－17分。
4. 对原文理解错误很多，译文支离破碎，或仅完成两三句译文，0－11分
III. Translate the following two passages into English. (20%×2＝40%)
Passage 1参考译文
In winter, sunny days were scarce here, as it was surrounded by hills all around. Today, however, the fog was wonderfully thin and the air was filtered through with golden sunlight that tinted everything on the ground with a joyful hue.
I stepped out of the small dim garret---our office. I lifted my head and opened my arms wide as if to embrace someone in front.
I went ambling along a narrow path and came to a new village. It was a quiet and well-knit cluster of villas, like a beautiful garden. As I noticed the curtains of the windows were drawn and the screen doors locked, I guessed the wealthy residents, unaccustomed to the cold and lonesome winter there, must have swarmed into the bustling city.
Passage 2参考译文
It is said that in Jewish families, when children are growing up, mothers, as their first teachers, would ask them to answer one question: “If, let us suppose, some day your house caught fire and your possessions were about to be looted, what would you take to run with you?” If the children failed to come up with an answer, the mother would say, “Honey, what you should take with you is neither money nor diamond, but wisdom. Wisdom is something that no one can take away from you. So long as you are alive, wisdom will always be with you.” In the eyes of the intelligent and smart Jewish people, every material thing has a value and they can all be lost and regained. Only wisdom is a priceless asset to your life.
汉译英共两篇，每篇20分，共40分，评分细则如下：
1． 整体内容和语言均正确，满分。
2． 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得一半分值。
3． 整体意思正确但语言有不少错误，得一半分值。

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