Oracleto_char()函数的⽤法
The following are number examples for the to_char function.
to_char(1210.73, '9999.9') would return '1210.7'
to_char(1210.73, '9,999.99') would return '1,210.73'
to_char(1210.73, '$9,999.00') would return '$1,210.73'
to_char(21, '000099') would return '000021'
The following is a list of valid parameters when the to_char function is used to convert a date to a string. These parameters can be used in many combinations.
Parameter Explanation
YEAR Year, spelled out
YYYY 4-digit year
YYY
YY
Y Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of year.
IYY
IY
I Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of ISO year.
IYYY 4-digit year based on the ISO standard
Q Quarter of year (1, 2, 3, 4; JAN-MAR = 1).
MM Month (01-12; JAN = 01).
MON Abbreviated name of month.
MONTH Name of month, padded with blanks to length of 9 characters.
RM Roman numeral month (I-XII; JAN = I).
WW Week of year (1-53) where week 1 starts on the first day of the year and continues to the seventh day of the year.
W Week of month (1-5) where week 1 starts on the first day of the month and ends on the seventh.
IW Week of year (1-52 or 1-53) based on the ISO standard.
D Day of week (1-7).
DAY Name of day.
DD Day of month (1-31).
DDD Day of year (1-366).
DY Abbreviated name of day.
J Julian day; the number of days since January 1, 4712 BC.
HH Hour of day (1-12).
HH12 Hour of day (1-12).
HH24 Hour of day (0-23).
MI Minute (0-59).
SS Second (0-59).
SSSSS Seconds past midnight (0-86399).
FF Fractional seconds.
The following are date examples for the to_char function.
oracle四舍五入to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy/mm/dd'); would return '2003/07/09'
to_char(sysdate, 'Month DD, YYYY'); would return 'July 09, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY'); would return 'July 9, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'MON DDth, YYYY'); would return 'JUL 09TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY'); would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY'); would return 'Jul 9th, 2003'
You will notice that in some examples, the format_mask parameter begins with "FM". This means that zeros and blanks are suppressed. This can be seen in the examples below.
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY'); would return 'July 9, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY'); would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY'); would return 'Jul 9th, 2003'
The zeros have been suppressed so that the day component shows as "9" as opposed to "09".
Oracle函数to_char转化数字型指定⼩数点位数的⽤法
to_char,函数功能,就是将数值型或者⽇期型转化为字符型。
⽐如最简单的应⽤:
/*1.0123--->'1.0123'*/
Select TO_CHAR(1.0123) FROM DUAL
/*123--->'123'*/
Select TO_CHAR(123) FROM DUAL
接下来再看看下⾯:
/*0.123 ---> '.123' */
SELEC TO_CHAR(0.123) FROM DUAL
上⾯的结果 '.123' 在⼤多数情况下都不是我们想要的结果,我们想要的应该是 '0.123'。
我们来看⼀下to_char函数的具体⽤法:
TO_CHAR ( n [, fmt [, 'nlsparam']] )
该函数将NUMBER类型的n按数值格式fmt转换成VARCHAR2类型的值。'nlsparams'指定由数值格式的元素返回的字符,包括:
.⼩数点字符
.组分隔符
.本地钱币符号
.国际钱币符号
变元的形式为:
'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS="dg" NLS_CURRENCY="tcxt" NLS_ISO_CURRENCY=territory'
其中d为⼩数点字符,g为组分隔符。
例 :TO_CHAR (17145,'L099G999','NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS=".," NLS_CURRENCY="NUD"')=NUD017,145
通过上⾯的了解,再查看fmt的⼀些格式,我们可以⽤以下表达式得到'0.123'的值:
/*0.123 ---> ' 0.123' */
Select TO_CHAR(0.123,'0.999') FROM DUAL
/*100.12 ---> '>#' */
Select TO_CHAR(100.12,'0.999') FROM DUAL
/*1.12 ---> ' 1.120' */
Select TO_CHAR(1.12,'0.999') FROM DUAL
' 0.123'是出来了,可是前⾯⼜多了⼀个空格。
对于 100.12 的值却是>#,以及'1.12'的值变成了 '1.120'。
我们重新确定⼀个新的需求:
1、去空格
2、⼩数点最多4位,最少保留2位。
1--->'1.00';1.1--->'1.00';1.12-->'1.12';1.1234--->'1.1234';
1.12345--->'1.1235'
最终实现如下:
/*
FM :除空格
9999999.0099:允许⼩数点左边最⼤正数为7位,⼩数点右边最少2位,最多4位,且在第5位进⾏四舍五⼊
*/
Select TO_CHAR(123.0233,'FM9999999.0099') FROM DUAL
PLSQL⼩经验⼀、 Oracle的to_char()函数功能很强⼤但是在⽤它格式化数值型数据时应该请注意以下⼏项。如果是⼩数如:0.23这样的数据经过to_char后再
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onmouseout="isShowAds = false;isShowAds2 = false">显⽰会变为.23,如果你为了让它显⽰出原来的0.23的话就得⽤To_char(要格式化的数值,’0.999’)保留
三个⼩数,并显⽰但这⾥就要注意了。他为你截取⼩数的时候是四舍五⼊了。所以如果是要求截掉⼩数⽽不四舍五⼊的话就应该⾃⼰写个函数截下去后再规
格化。以保证它不四舍五⼊。
⼆、 To_char(1.9999,’FM90.0999’)这个函数规格化时90.0999的含义是有9的地⽅如果有数字就显⽰如果没有数字就不显⽰,有0的地⽅在没有数字的时候也
会有0来占位.但这样做也有⼀个很⼤的缺点,就是如果是整数时它也仍然会显⽰”.”,不要⼩瞧这个点,⼀般来讲页⾯上要显⽰的话这个点就是多余的.也给我们造
成了不⼩的⿇烦.还要⾃⼰再写函数来把这个⼩点搞定.
三、对于⽇期型的Oracle倒时提供了⼀个好的处理⽅法,可以把⽇期做成数值型的.然后再To_char就能显⽰出你所需要的类型了.
四、在使⽤select into时⼀定要注意,这种⽅法你⼀定要确认肯定会有数据被查出时才能使⽤.如果查询结果为空时会导致报错.还有⼀种情况是查出来的数据是
多条也会报错.所以应该尽量便宜游标来做.会减少错误产⽣的机率.
五、还有注意⼀点rownum不⽀持排序,就是说你想⽤这个来控制⾏数的话就会发现他没有按你指定的排序⽅式显⽰.,这是⼀个很难办的事.⽽且如果你⽤
rownum=2这样的语句来输出第⼆⾏的话也是⾏不通的. 六、最恶⼼的⼀点是Oracle对null的判断变态到极点.如果你说某个变量 aa=null它是判断不出来的.尽
管aa的确是空.即使在选择条件⾥也是判断不出来的.不知道为什么,只好⽤nvl()这个函数来判断了.在条件之外可以⽤ aa is null 来判断.
六补充⼀点.就是在写存储过程时要注意参数名不能与数据库字段名相同.否则Oracle会把这个参数名看成是字段名的,即使你⽤表的别名区分也不⾏.所以起参
数名的时候⼀定要注意这点了.
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