CMMI1.3《需求开发》翻译
REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPMENT需求开发
目次
Purpose目的 (1)
Introductory Notes简介 (1)
Related Process Areas相关过程域 (5)
Specific Goal and Practice Summary特定目标和实践摘要 (6)
Specific Practices by Goal各特定目标的特定实践 (6)
SG1Develop Customer Requirements开发客户需求 (6)
SP1.1Elicit Needs引出需要 (7)
SP1.2Transform Stakeholder Needs into Customer Requirements将相关干系人的
需要转化为客户需求 (9)
SG2Develop Product Requirements开发产品需求 (10)
SP2.1Establish Product and Product Component Requirements建立产品或产品组
件需求 (11)
SP2.2Allocate Product Component Requirements分配产品组件需求 (13)
SP2.3Identify Interface Requirements识别接口需求 (15)
SG3Analyze and Validate Requirements分析并确认需求 (16)
SP3.1Establish Operational Concepts and Scenarios建立操作概念和场景 (17)
SP3.2Establish a Definition of Required Functionality and Quality Attributes
建立必要的功能和质量特性定义 (19)
SP3.3Analyze Requirements分析需求 (20)
SP3.4Analyze Requirements to Achieve Balance分析需求以取得平衡 (22)
SP3.5Validate Requirements确认需求 (23)
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REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPMENT需求开发
An Engineering Process Area at Maturity Level3
成熟度3级的工程类过程域
Purpose目的
The purpose of Requirements Development(RD)is to elicit,analyze,and establish customer, product,and product component requirements.
需求开发（RD）的目的是引出、分析并建立顾客、产品及产品组件的需求。
Introductory Notes简介
This process area describes three types of requirements:customer requirements,product requirements,and product component requirements.Taken together,these requirements address
the needs of relevant stakeholders,including needs pertinent to various product lifecycle , acceptance testing criteria)and product ,responsiveness,safety,reliability, maintainability).Requirements also address constraints caused by the selection of design solutions (e.g.,integration of commercial off-the-shelf products,use of a particular architecture pattern).
本过程域描述了三类需求：客户需求、产品需求和产品组件需求。综合来看，这些需求标识了相关干系人的需要，包括与各产品生命周期阶段有关的需要（如验收测试标准）以及与产品属性有关的需要（如响应能力、安全性、可靠性、可维护性）。这些需求同时也标识了由于所选设计方案带来的约束（如集成商业产品、使用特殊的架构模式）。
All development projects have requirements.Requirements are the basis for design.The development of requirements includes the following activities:
所有的开发项目都有需求。需求是设计的基础。需求开发包括以下活动：
Elicitation,analysis,validation,and communication of customer needs,expectations,and constraints to obtain prioritized customer requirements that constitute an understanding of what will satisfy stakeholders
引导、分析、确认以及沟通客户需要、期望和约束，以获得具有优先级的客户需求，这些需求构成什么将满足相关干系人的需要的共同理解。
Collection and coordination of stakeholder needs
收集并协调相关干系人的需要
Development of the lifecycle requirements of the product
开发产品生命周期需求
Establishment of the customer functional and quality attribute requirements
建立客户功能和质量特性的需求
Establishment of initial product and product component requirements consistent with customer
1
requirements
建立与客户需求一致的初始产品和产品组件需求
This process area addresses all customer requirements rather than only product level requirements because the customer can also provide specific design requirements.
由于客户也可能提出特殊的设计要求，因此这个过程域标识的所有客户需求不仅仅是产品层面的需求。Customer requirements are further refined into product and product component requirements.In addition to customer requirements,product and product component requirements are derived from the selected design solutions.Throughout the process areas,where the terms“product”and“product component”are used,their intended meanings also encompass services,service systems,and their components.
将客户需求进一步提炼成产品和产品组件需求。除客户需求之外，产品和产品组件需求也来源于所选的设计方案。在整个过程域中，使用的术语“产品”和“产品组件”其隐意也包括服务、服务体系及其组件。
Requirements are identified and refined throughout the phases of the product lifecycle.Design decisions,subsequent corrective actions,and feedback during each phase of the product’s lifecycle are analyzed for impact on derived and allocated requirements.
在整个产品生命周期的各个阶段需要对需求进行识别和精练。对设计决策、随后的纠正措施和产品的生命周期各个阶段所产生的反馈进行分析，以了解它们对已分配和导出的需求的影响。design翻译
The Requirements Development process area includes three specific goals.The Develop Customer Requirements specific goal addresses defining a set of customer requirements to use in the development of product requirements.The Develop Product Requirements specific goal addresses defining a set of product or product component requirements to use in the design of products and product components.The Analyze and Validate Require
ments specific goal addresses the analysis of customer,product,and product component requirements to define,derive,and understand the requirements.The specific practices of the third specific goal are intended to assist the specific practices in the first two specific goals.The processes associated with the

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