Unit6 Design Lesson3 Chinese Paper Art
The Art of Paper
Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed for my
article on Chinese Art. Paper-cutting is something that he learned to do
from an early age.
“It is a Chinese folk art with a long history,” Mr Chen told me, Paper cuts of animals have been found in tomb s which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!” He added that by the Southern Song Dynasty, paper-cutting had become an important part of everyday life. “A young farmer who wanted a wife would look at a young woman’s paper-cutting skills before marrying her!” explained Mr Chen, laughing at the look of surprise on my face.
Mr Chen went on to explain that there are three types of paper cuts which people still make today: paper cuts for decoration, for religious purpose s and for design pattern s.
Paper cuts used for decoration are often seen on windows and gates. They are
usually put up during holidays to bring good luck. They are also used on
presents. A present for parents whose child has recently been born might show a
paper cut of children, for example. Paper cuts which show the Chinese
character for double happiness are often used to celebrate weddings.
Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temple s. They are also
used as offering s to the dead. People to whom the dead person was relate d
would make these offerings on special days and during festivals.
The third kind of paper cuts are those used to make patterns on clothing. They
are also sometimes used to decorate jewellery boxes. Dragons are very popular
patterns for these designs.
The interview was very useful as I got a lot of interesting information for my article. I was also ready to try out paper-cutting for myself. “See you next week,” I said as I waved goodbye to Mr Chen. I was going to meet him again so that he could help me make my first paper cut!
Complement reading
THE MEMORY OF THE GOLDFISH PAPER LANTERN
Of all the festivals which/that we Chinese people celebrate, my favourite is the Mid-Autumn Festival.
When I was a child, my family lived in Beijing. On one Mid-Autumn Festival night, I followed my brother Ma Li to the park. There, we met some children who went to the same school as Ma Li. All the children carried beautiful paper lanterns they had made. Some lanterns were in the shape of fruits; others were of flowers and animals. My brother had a rabbit lantern. He had modeled it on our pet rabbit whose name was Xiao Bai. I was the only child who didn’t have a lantern. I began to cry. Then suddenly, a tall girl who had a fantastic goldfish lantern came up to me. “Don’t cry,” she said. “We can be good friends and you can share my lantern.” I accepted the girl’s offer and thanked her. Today, after 65 more Mid-Autumn Festivals, we are still good friends.
参考译文：剪纸艺术
我最近采访了剪纸艺术家陈子鉴。他自幼学习剪纸。
陈先生说：“剪纸是历史悠久的中国民间艺术。在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。”
他说，南宋王朝时期，剪纸就已成为日常生活中的重要组成部分。看着我脸上的惊异表情，陈先生笑着说：“年轻农夫会依据年轻女子的剪纸手艺来挑选自己的新娘。”
陈先生继续介绍说，如今人们还在剪的剪纸有三种：用来装饰的、用于宗教目的和用于图案设计的剪纸。人们常可以在窗户、墙、门及灯笼上看到用作装饰的剪纸。这种剪纸在节日时用，可以带来好运。人们也常用它们来装饰礼物。如，给刚为人父母的人送的礼物会装饰上有孩子的剪纸；而庆贺婚礼时，则通常用有汉字为双喜的剪纸。
用于宗教目的的剪纸常作寺庙装饰用，也用作给死者的祭祀用品。死者亲属会在特殊的日子或节日剪这些祭祀剪纸。
第三种剪纸常用在衣服上的图案中，有时也用来装饰首饰盒。龙是这些设计中最流行的图案。
这次采访很有用，因为我为这篇文章获得了许多有趣的信息。我自己甚至都想尝试一下剪纸。在告别陈先生时我说：“下周见。”我是想再见到他，请他帮我完成我的第一张剪纸。
补充阅读金鱼纸灯笼的记忆
在所有我们中国人庆祝的节日当中，我最喜爱的节日是中秋节。
当我是一个孩子的时候，我家住在北京。在一个中秋节的晚上，我跟着我的哥哥马力去公园。在那里，我们遇到了一些和马力在同一所学校上学的孩子。所有的孩子都带着他们制作的美丽的纸灯笼。一些灯笼是水果的形状；其他的是花和动物的形状。我哥哥有一个兔子形状的灯笼。他以我们叫做小白的宠物兔为模型。我是唯一没有灯笼的孩子。我开始哭。突然，一个高个子的女孩拿着一个奇异的金鱼灯笼走到了我面前。“不要哭，”她说，“我们可以成为好朋友，你可以分享我的灯笼。”我接受了女孩的帮助并感谢了她。今天，在又过了65个中秋节后，我们仍然是好朋友。
Notes to the text:
1.date back to追溯到，自…至今（＝date from）
①The castle dates back to/from the 14th century. 那城堡可追溯到14世纪。
②My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays．我对集邮的兴趣始于学生时代。
【点津】date back to不能用于被动语态。当谈论现在的事物时，虽然该事物形成于过去某一时间，但时态用现在时。
【搭配】date back to (date from)＝have 自(某时代)存在至今
date a letter在书信上写日期fix a date for 确定…的日期
out of date (n.)＝unfashionable过时；陈旧；不再流行
up to date (n.)＝modern现代；最新式的have a date with sb.与某人约会
2.purpose n.意图，目的；用途
①Our campaign’s main purpose is to raise money. 我们活动的主要目的是筹集资金。
②The teacher paired us off for the purpose of the exercise.为了做练习，老师把我们分成一对一对。
③Like everybody else, I live in this world with the purpose of conquering life.
我跟其他所有的人一样，生活在这世界上是为了征服生活。
④He said so on purpose.他故意这样说。
【搭配】for the purpose of为了…的目的on purpose故意；有意地
with the purpose of以…为目的attain/accomplish/carry one's purpose达到目的
3.put up
①张贴，挂起We’d better put up a notice here.我们最好在这儿贴一张通知。
②举起，抬起Please put up your hands if you have some questions.如果你有问题请举手。
③建造，搭起They put up many buildings last year.去年他们盖了许多楼房。
④提供膳食，短期住宿We put up for the night at a farmhouse.我们在一所农舍住宿了一夜。
⑤提高；增加The workers try to put up productivity.工人设法提高生产率。
⑥提供The millionaire put up a lot of money for the church. 这位百万富翁为教堂捐了许多钱。
【搭配】put forward提出
put aside储存…以备用，不理睬
put off 推迟，延期
put up with忍受，忍耐
put on穿上（衣服）；上演
put back将……放回原处
put out扑灭；出版；生产
put down记下，写下
put away储存（钱）；储存…以备用；抛弃；处理掉
4.be used to do sth.被用来做某事be used for sth.被用于…
①Wood can be used to make paper. 木头能被用来造纸。
②These words are often used for congratulations. 这些话通常被用于贺词。
【拓展】used to do sth.＝would do sth.过去常做某事be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事
5.character n.（书写或印刷的）字，字体，
①Chinese characters汉字②print in big characters用大字体印刷
【拓展】character n.（人的）性格，品质；特征，特性；（书、戏剧等中的）人物，角
①He has a changeable character.他性格多变。
②The two buildings are different in character.这两栋建鸟建筑造型不同。
③There are two main characters in the play.该剧中有两个主角。
【语境串记】He described the character of the character he played with two Chinese characters.他用了两个汉字来描述他所扮演的角的性格。
【助记】“人”( person)各有其“个性”（personality），各具“特征”( character)的人便构成了小说、戏剧中的“人物”(character)。
person人→personality个性→character特征→character人物
①How do you celebrate Christmas？你们怎样庆祝圣诞节？
②He celebrated the surrounding mountains for their beauty.他赞美周围山的美丽。
③When the children saw the snow they celebrated.孩子们一看见了雪就兴高采烈。
7.be related to 与…有联系/关系；与……有亲戚关系
①Sometimes, wealth is related to happiness. 财富有时与幸福有关。
②In the future, pay increase will be related to productivity. 以后，工资的增加将和业绩挂钩。
③I’m not related to him in any way.我和他无任何亲戚关系。
【拓展】relate…to…把…与…联系起采；使…与…有联系
relate to 与…有关；和…相处得好；相适应；理解，同情
①I can’t relate what he does to what he says.我没法把他做的和他说的联系起来。
②All these questions relate to philosophy.所有这些问题都与哲学有关。
③Children need to learn to relate to other children.孩子们需要学会与其他孩子友好相处。
④She had had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen’s difficulties.她年幼的时
候也曾有过视力问题，所以能够理解海伦的困难。
【延伸】be connected with和……有关系
get in touch/contact with与……取得联系
keep in touch/contact with与……保持联系
lose touch/contact with从与……失去联系
have some/no connection with与……有一些/没有关系/联系
8.People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during
festivals.死者亲属会在特殊的日子或节日剪这些祭祀剪纸。
【句式分析】to whom the dead person was related是定语从句，修饰先行词people。引导词whom在定语从句中作介词to的宾语。
< out试用；试验design翻译
①They are trying out the new method.他们正在试验那种新方法。
②As an independent school, we have the freedom to try out new theories and methods of education.
作为一所独立学校，我们有试验教育新理论和新方法的自由。
③His brother's example inspired him to try out for the football team.
他哥哥的榜样激励了他参加足球队的选拔。
【搭配】try on试穿(衣服)
try out for参加…的选拔
try every means 用各种办法
try for 企图获得，争取，谋求
try your luck 碰运气；试试运气
try one's best to do sth.竭尽所能做某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
10.in the shape of 呈…的形状，以…的形式
①The island is in the shape of a cross.该岛呈十字形。
②The cake was in the shape of a heart (like a heart in shape)．那蛋糕呈心形。
③There is a red mark on his back in the shape of the letter S．他背上有一个S形的红符号。
【搭配】in good shape处于良好状态
take shape成形
follow the shape of依照…的形状
lose one’s shape走样，变形
out of shape状况不佳，身体不适；变形，走样
Grammar summary
Attributive clauses (定语从句)
一.定义及关系词
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
关系代词有：who，whom，whose，that，which等。关系副词有：when，where，why等。
二.关系代词在定语从句中的成分
关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或定语，先行词可以指人或物，当作宾语时可以省略。
三.关系代词的用法
1.who，whom的用法
who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时代替whom，可省略。whom在定语从句中作宾语。
①Is he the man who wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？
②In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry.起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。
③He is the man (whom) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
④The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball.你应该给波尔先生写信。
2.whose的用法
3.whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，可用of which或of whom取代。
①I have a friend whose father is a mayor.我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。（=the father of whom is a mayor）
②We lived in a house whose window faces south.我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。
4.which的用法
which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
①The cakes ( which) my mum cooked were tasty. 我妈妈做的蛋糕很好吃。
②Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world.
今天，那些曾经只在中国生长的果树能够在世界上许多地方被看到。
③They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.他们要一种不像水稻那样需要水的作物。
④It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。
5.that的用法
that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和which大致相同，也有区别。
①All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。
②This is all (that) I can tell you．这是我能告诉你的全部情况。
③This is the best play that was written by Jack.这是杰克写的最好的一个剧本。
④She is the only person (that) I can trust.她是我惟一可以信。
四.关系代词that和which的区别
1.相同点
这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。
①The train that /which has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。
②The film (that/which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。
2.用that而不用which的情况
⑴当先行词是all, much, everything, nothing, something, anything，little等不定代词时或被它们修饰时。
①To get the job started, all (that) I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。
②Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗？
③He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师问的那些问题。
⑵当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
①This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.
这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
②The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
⑶当先行词被the very, the only, the last, any, few, little , no, all等修饰时。
①That’s the only thing (that) we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。

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