C#XML序列化反序列化参考
.NET提供了很不错的XML序列化/反序列化器,(它们所在的命名空间为System.Xml.Serialization)这是很⽅便的,下⾯对它的使⽤做⼀些总结,以供参考。
1,简单序列化
public static string SerializeXml(object data) {
using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()) {
XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(data.GetType());
xz.Serialize(sw, data);
return sw.ToString();
}
}
以上代码是序列化为字符串,如果需要以流的形式返回序列化结果给客户端,或写⼊⽂件,那么通常需要选择⼀种编码,常见的编码格式是UTF-8,但某些特殊场合也许你会被要求使⽤GB2312编码,下⾯例⼦是使⽤GB2312编码的情况:
public static MemoryStream SerializeXml(object data) {
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(ms, Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312"));
XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(data.GetType());
xz.Serialize(sw, data);
return ms;
}
这样就直接把对象以特定编码格式序列化到MemoryStream⾥去了,当然也许你想到了,先使⽤前⾯的SerializeXml⽣成字符串,再把字符串以特定编码格式写到流或者字节数组中去不⾏吗?当然⾏,不过这样会多出⼀步,不够直接。
这⾥还有个要注意的地⽅,序列化到流的时候,不要对Stream及TextWriter对象包在using⾥,因为这样会导致流返回的时候已经被关闭。
2,简单反序列化
FileStream fs = File.Open("l", FileMode.Open);
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.UTF8)) {
XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Department));
Department dept = (Department)xz.Deserialize(sr);
//blah blah ...
}
其中Department是你要反序列化出来的类,同样需要注意编码,这⾥指定的是UTF-8,但不排除有别的可能。
其实序列化和反序列化时可逆的,你通过怎样的类和编码把对象序列化成xml,就能通过怎样的类和编
码将xml反序列化成对象。
3,指定XML标签的名字
[XmlRoot("department")]
public class Department {
public string DeptName { get; set; }
[XmlElement("extra")]
public DeptExtraInfo DeptExtraInfo { get; set; }
}
通过XmlRoot注解和XmlElement注解即可实现,其中XmlRoot⽤于指定“根”,也就是XML的最上⼀层的Tag。
4,指定XML标签的属性
[XmlRoot("department")]
public class Department {
public string DeptName { get; set; } = "研发部";
[XmlAttribute("timestamp")]
public int Timestamp = 10;
}
利⽤XmlAttribute注解,这么⼀来,Timestamp就成为了department这个根节点的timestamp属性。
5,去掉不需要的namespace
默认情况下,xml的头会带上类似这样的⼀个namespace:
<department xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="/2001/XMLSchema">
<!-- blah blah blah -->
</department>
你不需要的话可以修改⼀下序列化⽅法:
public static string SerializeXml(object data) {
using (Utf8Writer sw = new Utf8Writer()) {
XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(data.GetType());
XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
ns.Add("", "");
xz.Serialize(sw, data, ns);
return sw.ToString();
}
}
上⾯提到的Utf8Writer是指定要⽤UTF-8的编码输出,包括xml头部的encoding属性,的代码如下:
public sealed class Utf8Writer : StringWriter {
public override Encoding Encoding => Encoding.UTF8;
}
顺便提⼀下,⼀般情况下,我们都会使⽤UTF-8编码,但也有特殊情况(在对接⼀些历史遗留系统时)下是需要⽤GBK (现在和GB2312算是同义) 的,这种情况下,Encoding改为:
public override Encoding Encoding => Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312");
6,序列化集合的时候不要“再包⼀层”
这个怎么说呢?先看这么⼀个类:
[XmlRoot("department")]
public class Department {
public string DeptName { get; set; };
public List<Employee> Details { get; set; };
}
序列化出来的结果是:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<department>
<DeptName>研发部</DeptName>
<Employees>
<Employee>
<EmpName>张三</EmpName>
<EmpSalary>10000</EmpSalary>
</Employee>
<Employee>xml标签大全
<EmpName>李四</EmpName>
<EmpSalary>8000</EmpSalary>
</Employee>
</Employees>
</department>
注意Employee这个标签外⾯包了⼀层Employees,这个也许不是你想要的结果,这才是你想要的结果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<department>
<DeptName>研发部</DeptName>
<Employee>
<EmpName>张三</EmpName>
<EmpSalary>10000</EmpSalary>
</Employee>
<Employee>
<EmpName>李四</EmpName>
<EmpSalary>8000</EmpSalary>
</Employee>
</department>
这个怎么做呢?很简单,在Employees前⾯加个XmlElement注解即可:
[XmlRoot("department")]
public class Department {
public string DeptName { get; set; } = "研发部";
[XmlElement("Employee")]
public List<Employee> Employees { get; set; } = new List<Employee>();
}
另外,如果是只是想改⼀下之前的Employees标签的名字的话,⽤这样⼀个注解:[XmlArray("NewName")]。
7,序列化null值属性
默认情况下,null值的属性是不会被序列化的,想想看为什么?
因为⽣成<DeptName />这样的序列化结果的话,没办法知道DeptName到底是null还是空字符串,所以⽐较好的解决⽅法是在序列化之前,把null字符串填充为空字符串。可以考虑写⼀个帮助⽅法,利⽤反射遍历⼀个对象⾥的所有字符串属性,将null设置为空字符串,当然了,实际的情况要考虑得更全⾯点,⽐如对象⾥还有对象,⽽且还包含可枚举对象的情况,估计得使⽤递归。篇幅问题,代码我就不贴了。
另外还有⼀种⽐较地道的做法,不需要改变对象的值,那就是在对象上加上[XmlElement(IsNullable = true)]注解,但这样带来的问题就是会在序列化⽣成的tag中多出⼀个xsi:nil="true"这样的属性来。
8,⼿⼯反序列化
有些情况实在太特殊,没办法直接⽤简单的Deserialize⽅法来反序列化,例如这个XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ns0:DeliveryAddressUpdate_S10 xmlns:ns0="urn:ABC:GAIA:CN:LoadSetNoAndChineseDelAddr:ISC0186">
<Line>
<ASNNNB>95175154 </ASNNNB>
<CHDANR>00476</CHDANR>
<ASCUID>SHD3SHD3</ASCUID>
<IGAAUC>上海</IGAAUC>
<IGAAUC>闵⾏区</IGAAUC>
<IGAAUC>七莘路8888号</IGAAUC>
<IGAAUC>XXXX⼤楼XXXX室</IGAAUC>
</Line>
<Line>
<ASNNNB>124321 </ASNNNB>
<CHDANR>4321</CHDANR>
<ASCUID>4312</ASCUID>
<IGAAUC>上海</IGAAUC>
<IGAAUC>浦东新区</IGAAUC>
<IGAAUC>浦东⼤道9999号</IGAAUC>
<IGAAUC>YYYY⼤楼YYYY室</IGAAUC>
</Line>
</ns0:DeliveryAddressUpdate_S10>
⾸先根节点很奇葩,默认反序列化器不认,另外就是IGAAUC,重复多次,它的意图是说重复的这⼏个IGAAUC拼接在⼀起,⽣成⼀个地址,这个默认的反序列化显然做不到,⼿⼯读吧,参考代码如下:
List<Address> addrList = new List<Address>();
Address currentAddress = new Address();
XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader(new MemoryStream(File.ReadAllBytes("l")));
while (reader.Read()) {
if (reader.IsStartElement()) {
switch (reader.Name) {
case"Line":
currentAddress = new Address();
addrList.Add(currentAddress);
break;
case"ASNNNB":
currentAddress.Asnnb = reader.ReadString();
break;
case"CHDANR":
currentAddress.Chdanr = reader.ReadString();
break;
case"ASCUID":
currentAddress.Ascuid = reader.ReadString();
break;
case"IGAAUC":
currentAddress.Igaauc += reader.ReadString().Trim() + "\r\n";
break;
}
}
}
//addrList便是结果
9,强制闭合标签
默认情况下,如果XML的标签中的内容为空的话,标签就“⾃闭合”(self-closing),如:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<HCHX_DATA>
<TRANSMIT>
<MESSAGE_ID />
<MESSAGE_TYPE />
<EMS_NO />
<ORDER_NO />
<FUNCTION_CODE />
<CHK_RESULT />
<MESSAGE_DATE>0001-01-01T00:00:00</MESSAGE_DATE>
<SENDER_ID />
<SEND_ADDRESS />
<RECEIVER_ID />
<RECEIVER_ADDRESS />
<MESSAGE_SIGN />
<SEND_TYPE />
</TRANSMIT>
</HCHX_DATA>
⽽我们想要这样的效果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<HCHX_DATA>
<TRANSMIT>
<MESSAGE_ID></MESSAGE_ID>
<MESSAGE_TYPE></MESSAGE_TYPE>
<EMS_NO></EMS_NO>
<ORDER_NO></ORDER_NO>
<FUNCTION_CODE></FUNCTION_CODE>
<CHK_RESULT></CHK_RESULT>
<MESSAGE_DATE>0001-01-01T00:00:00</MESSAGE_DATE>
<SENDER_ID></SENDER_ID>
<SEND_ADDRESS></SEND_ADDRESS>
<RECEIVER_ID></RECEIVER_ID>
<RECEIVER_ADDRESS></RECEIVER_ADDRESS>
<MESSAGE_SIGN></MESSAGE_SIGN>
<SEND_TYPE></SEND_TYPE>
</TRANSMIT>
</HCHX_DATA>
那就需要⾃⼰对XmlWriter进⾏⼀些修改,⽤⼀个新的序列化的⽅法:
public static string SerializeXml(object data) {
XmlSerializer s = new XmlSerializer(data.GetType());
using (Utf8Writer sw = new Utf8Writer()) {
XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings();
settings.NewLineChars = Environment.NewLine;
settings.Indent = true;
XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
ns.Add("", "");
using (XmlWriter writer = XmlWriter.Create(sw, settings)) {
s.Serialize(new XmlWriterForceFullEnd(writer), data, ns);
}
return sw.ToString();
}
}
上⾯的代码中还包括了XmlWriterSettings,它可以指定缩进,换⾏等格式。对于XmlWriter,⽤XmlWriterForceFullEnd进⾏⼀下包装,XmlWriterForceFullEnd的代码如下:
public class XmlWriterForceFullEnd : XmlWriter {
private readonly XmlWriter _baseWriter;
public XmlWriterForceFullEnd(XmlWriter w) {
_baseWriter = w;
}
//Force WriteEndElement to use WriteFullEndElement
public override void WriteEndElement() { _baseWriter.WriteFullEndElement(); }
public override void WriteFullEndElement() {
_baseWriter.WriteFullEndElement();
}
public override void Close() {
_baseWriter.Close();
}
public override void Flush() {
_baseWriter.Flush();
}
public override string LookupPrefix(string ns) {
return (_baseWriter.LookupPrefix(ns));
}
public override void WriteBase64(byte[] buffer, int index, int count) {
_baseWriter.WriteBase64(buffer, index, count);
}
public override void WriteCData(string text) {
_baseWriter.WriteCData(text);
}
public override void WriteCharEntity(char ch) {
_baseWriter.WriteCharEntity(ch);
}
public override void WriteChars(char[] buffer, int index, int count) {
_baseWriter.WriteChars(buffer, index, count);
}
public override void WriteComment(string text) {
_baseWriter.WriteComment(text);
}
public override void WriteDocType(string name, string pubid, string sysid, string subset) {
_baseWriter.WriteDocType(name, pubid, sysid, subset);
}
public override void WriteEndAttribute() {
_baseWriter.WriteEndAttribute();
}
public override void WriteEndDocument() {
_baseWriter.WriteEndDocument();
}
public override void WriteEntityRef(string name) {
_baseWriter.WriteEntityRef(name);
}
public override void WriteProcessingInstruction(string name, string text) {
_baseWriter.WriteProcessingInstruction(name, text);
}
public override void WriteRaw(string data) {
_baseWriter.WriteRaw(data);
}
public override void WriteRaw(char[] buffer, int index, int count) {
_baseWriter.WriteRaw(buffer, index, count);
}
public override void WriteStartAttribute(string prefix, string localName, string ns) {
_baseWriter.WriteStartAttribute(prefix, localName, ns);
}
public override void WriteStartDocument(bool standalone) {
_baseWriter.WriteStartDocument(standalone);
}
public override void WriteStartDocument() {
_baseWriter.WriteStartDocument();
}
public override void WriteStartElement(string prefix, string localName, string ns) {
_baseWriter.WriteStartElement(prefix, localName, ns);
}
public override WriteState WriteState {
get { return _baseWriter.WriteState; }
}
public override void WriteString(string text) {
_baseWriter.WriteString(text);
}
public override void WriteSurrogateCharEntity(char lowChar, char highChar) {
_baseWriter.WriteSurrogateCharEntity(lowChar, highChar);
}
public override void WriteWhitespace(string ws) {
_baseWriter.WriteWhitespace(ws);
}
}
其实关键的就是WriteEndElement这个⽅法,⼀⾏代码⽽已,但由于XmlWriter 是抽象类,很多虚⽅法得这么转⼀下。

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