貌似分词的介词
英语中的一些词是以-ing结尾的,貌似现在分词(除duringnotwithstanding尽管; 虽然 pending直到,在等待期间 等外,其余的却是由ving构成的)但这类词在意义和用法上与同形的动词或分词完全不同,而且还不要求明确自己的逻辑主语,一些语法学家把它们称作分词介词或把它们归于边缘介词之列。下面从语义和用法上对这一类词作一归纳。
一、表示对象概念的介词(concerningconsideringregardingrespectingtouching
1concerning:意为关于……来说with regard towith reference to),一般用于较正式的文体或场合。例如:
We still have no information concerning her whereabouts.关于她的下落,我们仍无消息。
Concerning your letterI am pleased to inform you that your plans have been approved.
2considering:意为考虑到鉴于……而论takinginto considerationin view of)。例如:
Considering her ageshe looks quite young.就她的年龄而论,她显得十分年轻。
That is not so badconsidering the circumstance.考虑到实际情况,那还算不错。
3regarding:意为关于,至于with reference toabout)。例如:
Similar statements may be made regarding the properties of sound waves.关于声波的性质也可以作类似的说明。
We have confidence regarding the future of reform.关于改革的前途,我们是有信心的。
4respecting:意为关于、说到、鉴于relating toconcerned with)。例如:
A discussion arose respecting the merits of different automobiles.关于各种汽车的优点引起了一场争论。
Respecting the fact that the accused was a minorthe charges were dropped.鉴于该被告是未成年人这一事实,便免于起诉。
5touching:意为关于针对concerningabout),例如:
She asked many questions touching my family and school.她问了我许多关于家庭和学校的问题。
The municipal authorities issued a notice touching the regulation for the traffic of motor-vehicles.市政当局发布了一项有关机动车辆规定的通告。
二、表示排除概念的介词(exceptingexcludingsavingbarring):
1excepting:意为除外,后多接名词、代词。例如:
Everyonenot excepting myselfmust share the blame.人人都应该承担责任,我自己也不例外。
Excepting Christmas we did not have one really pleasant holiday.除了圣诞节,我们没有过一个真正愉快的假日。
2excluding:意为不计算在内不考虑不计not includingnot countingleaving out of account)。例如:
There were thirty present excluding myself.不算我,出席者30人。
The train has fifteen carsexcluding the baggage and mail ones.这列火车,除行李车和邮车外,共15节车厢。
excluding词义相反的介词为including,由其构成的短语多出现在句末,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开,起到补充说明的作用。例如:
China possesses rich mineral depositsincluding gold.中国拥有丰富的矿藏,包括黄金。
3saving:意为除外with the exception of)。例如:
The composition is very well writtensaving that there are a few spelling mistakes.除有几个拼写错误外,这篇作文写得很好。
Saving a few stonesnothing remains of the building.除了几块石头外,这座建筑什么也没留下。
4barring:意为除外。相当于exceptingexcluding,现代英语中不常见。例如:
He will come back tonight barring accidents.除非发生事情,他今晚会回来的。
Nobody else knows barring you and me.除你我以外,没别人知道。
三、表示假设概念的介词(failingwanting):
1failing:意为pending如果没有in the absence ofwithout)。例如:
Failing your helpthey would never have done it.要是没有你的帮助,他们就绝对办不成。
Failing good weather the lecture will be held indoors.如果天气坏,讲演改在室内举行。
2wanting:意为没有缺乏without)。例如:
Wanting couragevictory is impossible.没有勇气就无法取得胜利。
Wanting common honestya man can do nothing.如果缺乏诚实,必将一事无成。
四、表示原因概念的介词(owing to
owing to:意为因为、由于because ofon account of)。例如:
Owing to the droughtcrops are short.因为天旱收成不好。
Owing to the rainthe basketball game has been cancelled.因为下雨,这场蓝球赛已被取消了。
五、

  10notwithstanding虽然,尽管……仍(是很正式的用语,常见于公文中)
Notwithstanding an unusual flow of companythe master of the wine shop was not visible
虽然人们来往异常频繁,酒铺主人并没有出现。


  11following……以后
Following the conferencethe methods were put into use on a large scale
会议之后,这些方法被广为推广。

  12pending……以前,在……期间
Maximum sentence was handed down but the defendants were eventually bailed pending the appeal
最高判决已经宣布,但最后被告在上诉期间全部得到保释。

  13given如果考虑到,假定
Given their inexperiencethey have done a good job
考虑到他们缺乏经验,这个工作他们做得不错。
  14 compared with / to “将…………比较,用作介词。例:
  Compared with / to her mother she is tall.
  15. owing to “由于……因为……”,用作介词。 seeing that 由于……;既然……;因为……”,用作连词。例:
  Owing to unfavorable weather I was unable to carry on with it.
  由于天气不好,我不能把它进行下去。
  Seeing that he is ill he's  unlikely to come.
  由于生病的缘故,他可能不来了。
  16. judging from / by =to judge by ……来判断,用作介词。例:
  Judging from / by what he said he must be an honest man.
  由他所说的来判断,他一定是个诚实的人。
  Judging from / by his accent he must be from Guangdong province.
  从他的口音来判断,他一定来自广东。

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。