Ex. 30A
1. Brian locked the door and went to a nearby pub.
2. Tom speaks Chinese fluently but can't write in it.
3. On Friday afternoon the students study current events, or have League meetings if there's nothing special to study.
4. Ruel and Cameron went into the forest and collected a lot of insect specimens.
5. On his way up the hill Jack fell down and hurt his hands and knees, but Jimmy got to the top all right.
6. The girls decided to remain at home, for it was raining hard.
/ It was raining hard and the girls decided to remain at home.
nearby7. They could not decide what to do and asked my advice. /
They asked my advice, for they could not decide what to do.
8. For the first time I saw my father not as the giant of my childhood but simply as a lonely man.
9. Fewer blacks are leaving the rural South these days, not because farming has become more popular but because industry is moving in.-
10. The four largest hotel companies in the United States are Hilton, Sheraton, Hyatt, and the fastest growing (hotel company) Western International.
11. Education is the largest "industry" in the nation either in terms of dollars spent or in terms of people involved.
12. There is not only concision in these lines but also elegance.
13. Mr Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.
14. In the United States television has been called a source of information, a means of entertainment and, as its severest critics call it, a "plug-in" drug.
15. For decades FBI agents wiretapped the phones of American citizens with the attorney general's approval but without warrants.
Ex. 30B
1.; 2.,: 3 . , , 4 ./, 5. , , 6. ; 7. /;
8. , / 9 . , , 10. , ; , 11. : 12. ; 13. : 14.; 15. :
Ex. 30C
1… but also instructive.
2 … and inexpensive.
3. Both Mary and her husband will do it.
4./
5 … and carefully outlined.
6…blue-eyed and partly gray-haired.
7…carefully and to write a short review of it.
8. He is either an absolute piker…
9. He likes not only the girl but also the family.
10. ..but also showing an interest in political questions.
11. ..as well as one’s /his intellectual self.
12. ..nor can he compose.
13. He either needs /needs either…
14. Neither Pauline nor her husband wanted to …
15…neither with her own achievement nor with the team’s performance.
16…, nor drink alcohol, nor idle away his time.
17. ..with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
18…., to use but one side of the paper, and to endorse our papers in the proper manner.
19….with neither a sales tax nor an income tax, a major attraction for tax-weary residents of other states.
20. The admen convince the reader not only that…
1. …, and he’ll take a mile.
2. You should try and finis
h…
3. …, and moreover, he is an expert in translation.
4. .., he went and saw the doctor immediately.
5. …, and you’ll get sick.
Ex 31.A
1. The film I saw yesterday was dull.
2. If /Provided that the weather keeps fine, I see no reason why…
3. Because he didn’t get up early enough, he missed the train.
4. A German whose acquaintance I made in Hamburg last year is coming to see me.
5. One of the students who were trapped in the cave has already been brought out.
6. Because /As she spoke French rapidly I couldn’t understand her.
7. As any of these problems can be solved by ordinary intelligence and hard work, none of them are too difficult for us.
8. Because illness kept him away from school, he didn’t get the prize.
9. The auditorium might be the place where I lost my pen.
10. As / When ?Whenever he ate too little and worked too hard for weeks on end, he became ill.
11. When /As he came out of the Conference Room, he was surrounded by reporters.
12. While my wife was.., I was trying to …
13. Unless you promise…, you shall not…
14. His mother waited up until he came home.
15. As /When/After /Because he had spoken for three hours, he had a sore throat.
Ex 31 B
1. whether 2. No matter what /Whatever 3. While 4. as 5. If 6. Even if
7. Though 8. If 9. unless 10. so that 11. so that /in order that 12. in that
13. As 14. because 15. how 16. as 17. Where(ever) 18. as if
19. Hardly/Scarcely/Barely….when; No sooner…than 20. Instantly
Ex. 31C
1. He urged that I drive carefully.
2. He ordered that the men remain in camp.
3. She insisted that we go there on foot.
4. He asked that his sister cook dinner.
5. She requested that I telephone her family.
6. Grandmother urged that we bring the children for the summer.
7, He demanded that 1 answer all the questions.
8. Our parents insist that we come home by ten.
9. The doctor ordered that the nurses watch the patient carefully.-
10. She insisted that we tell her the truth.
11. They requested that we sit down and have a cup of tea.
12. The hostess urged that we all stay for dinner.
13. The rules require that players wear tennis shoes ...
14. The boss suggests that his secretary learn shorthand.
15. The policeman ordered that the men move on.
16. The union leader urged that the members accept the offer.
17. The general commanded that his troops advance into the town.
18. The real estate agent suggested that we sell the house.
19. The captain ordered that the crew abandon ship.
20. The editor insisted that we change the title of the book.
Ex. 31D
1. Before John came home, I had finished reading the newspaper.
2. While we were eating dinner,…
3 … when Harry entered.
4. Since I graduated from high school,…
5. Before I read that book,
I must…
6. After Johnny finished his homework, he .,.
7. Before I serve the dessert, you must ...
8. Before I came to the United States, I had ...
9. When I got to school yesterday, I found ...
10 … since you moved away from the neighborhood?
11. I'll be busy shopping until the store ...
12. While l'm studying, 1 like to ...
13. Where do you stay when you visit Washington?
14. While l'm in this country to study, I hope to ...
15. While the baby is napping, her mother has a chance to rest.
16. After the orchestra had played for several hours, the embassy ...
17… until he got his B. A. degree.
18. No sooner had the criminal found a shelter than he was ...
19 … until the weather is dry in the summer.
20. 1 have been wearing glasses ever since I entered the university.-
Ex, 31E
1 … looks like, for 1 have never met him.
2 … simply because ...
3… because / for all the shops have closed.
4 … not because -.. but because ...
5. It was simply because ...
6. Since the weather ...
7. Just because he was ...
8. It must be early morning, because / for the birds are singing.-
9… because he is poor?
10. Since the streets ...
11… when the telephone rang.
12. Just as we ...
13. Melbourn slammed the door, so that he awakened his mother.
14. /
15. While in applied physics ...
16. Sneer unkindly though you may ...
17 … though it rain tomorrow.
18… even though I prefer a bath.
19. Since / As he was il,…l
20. Acceptable in informal style, but in formal style "because" should be changed into "that".
Ex. 33A
1. Thank you very much for the present you sent me.
2. She was dancing with a student who ... / The student (who / whom / that) she was dancing with ...
3 … the telephone box (which / that) I was phoning from / ... from which I was phoning.
4. The chair (which / that) I was sitting in ... / The chair in which I was sitting ...
5. I missed the train (which / that) I usually catch, and I had to ... on the next, which was a slow train.
6…. in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of whom were wearing ...
7. The string (which / that) they tie up parcels with / The string with which they tie up parcels is so weak that ...
8. The boy (whom / who) Peter shared a flat with / The boy with whom Peter shared a flat was a philosophy student and ...
9…, which turned out to be true.
10…, most of which hadn't ...
1l…, who could give him the sack at any moment.
12…, which led to a great confusion in the country.
13…, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
14 … Pierre, who was crossing a road, was run over and killed.
15 … who dares to sca
le the heights.
16… which cannot be taught.
17 … the fifth, who later died of his wounds.
18. The building, which was enormous, had not yet running water.
19…, for which he was honoured with the title of model worker.
20…, which I am glad to hear.
Ex. 33B
1. that 2. who
3. that 4. (that)
5. that 6. that
7. (that) 8. (that)
9, that 10. (that)
11. which 12. whom
13. that 14. that
15. (that) 16. whose
17. whose 18. when
19. where 20. (that)
21. which 22. whom
23. which 24. which
25. which 26. whose
27. (in which) / (that) 28. whom
29. (who) / (that) 30. whom
Ex. 33C
l. for which 2. at which
3. to which 4. of which
5. about which 6. in which
7. about which 8. as a result of which
9. of which 10. on which
11. by which 12. through which
13. for which 14. for which
15. along which 16. of which
17. in which 18. at which
19. from which 20. on which
Ex. 33D
1. who 2. whom, who
3. that, ( ),that, ( ) 4. who, who
5. who, who 6. whom, who
7. whose, who 8. where ( -- in which ), which
9. that, which 10. ( ), which
11. ( ), whom 12. who, / , who
13. who, who 14. ( ),who
15. ( ), who 16. ( ), which
17. ( ), whom 18. that, /
19. that, / 20. (which)
Ex. 34A
1. Water freezes if the temperature ...
2. If I come to Shanghai, I usually go to the City Library.
3. There are 29 days in February if ...
4. I like to go to the seaside if I ...
5. I went to my office by bus if my car ...
6. Flowers die if they don't get ...
7. A motorist must pull up if ...
8. If I want to write a letter, I need pen and paper.
9. If I'm very thirsty, I like to drink lager beer.
10. If businessmen want to borrow money, they go to see their bank manager.
11. If I make a mistake, I expect the teacher to correct it.
12. If one wants to visit a foreign country, one must have a valid passport.
13. If people feel ill, they go to se~ a doctor.
14. If there is a power failure, all electrical appliances stop working.
15. If people found it hard to earn a living in the
ir own country, they went abroad.
16. If people work in a post office, they wear a green uniform.
17. If we mix red with yellow, we get orange.
18. If there was hunger, there was social unrest.
19. If I am hungry, I usually have a full meal.
20. If I went to a concert, I preferred to listen to pop music.
Ex. 34B
1. leave 2. will tell
3. will support 4. will be
5. shall buy 6. will happen
7. can assume 8. will be
9. will promise 10. is
11. discovers 12. should come
13. will find 14. would lend
15. should be 16. get / will get
17. closes 18. will you please
19. will have to / must work 20. did
21. is 22. is
23. dares / should dare 24. promised / has promised
25. said 26. need
27. would kindly take 28. can go
29. goes 30. ought to
Ex. 34C
1 he gets more exercise.
2 will be angry with me.
3 my house is robbed.
4 will take the dog for a walk.
5 don't want to.
6 have the tools.
7 let me know.
8 will be very angry.
9 will go without him.
10 shall not speak to him any more.
11. I won't be able to get there on time
12 the teacher comes.
13 don't want to get wet.
14 will do well in next week's examination.
15 will go.
16 want to get there on time.
17 rains tomorrow?
18 will try to repair it.
19 will be healthier.
20 won't understand it.
Ex. 34D
1. were 2. were earning
3. were to say 4. asked
5. were to stay 6. could afford
7. asked 8. would ... do
9. would admit 10. would be
11. would be 12. were
13. could be read 14. went
15. would lift
Ex. 34E
1 you would not be chosen as a basketball player.
2 he didn't like to.
3 you won a lot of money?
4 I would be able to take better pictures.
5 would have to obey him.
6 he would do it.
7 I would buy it.
8 I would change my profession.
9 I had the time.
10 I would save a lot of time.
Ex. 34F
1. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.
2. If it had not been for the fact that the sun was in the right direction, the photographs would not have come out so well.
3. If the shop had packed the goods properly, they would not have got damaged.
4. If the Government had not raised taxes, they would not have been so unpopular.
5. If he had been able to answer all the questions, he would have passed the examination.
6. If he had passed the examination, h
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