精锐教育1对3辅导讲义
学员姓名： 学科教师： 年 级：八年级 辅导科目：英语 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
授课日期 | 时 间 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
主 题 | 被动语态 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
学习目标 | 1.掌握被动语态的基本概念及主动变被动的解题步骤和技巧； 2.在具体语境中熟练运用被动语态 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1、互动探索 教学建议： 1、引导学生用主动语态和被动语态描述前四幅图中的情景； 2、让学生用被动语态说出后四幅图中的情景。 The Great Wall Build Chinese people I Buy Computer Thomas Edison Invent Light Students plant trees 被动语态 教学建议： 1、引导学生分析主动语态与被动语态的区别 【知识梳理1】语态的基本概念： 语态是表示句子中主语和谓语动词之间的关系的术语。英语中只有两个语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 例：I have returned the magazines to the library. The magazines have been returned to the library. The students cleaned their classroom after school every day. The classroom is cleaned by the students after school every day. 【巩固练习】 1. He often tells us interesting stories. (改为被动语态) We ______ ______ ______ interesting stories by him. Interesting stories ______ ______ ______ to us by him. 2. A lot of trees along the river last year . A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 5. The trees must three times a week . A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters Keys: are often told; are often told; C; C 【知识梳理2】被动语态的构成 教学建议： 1.被动语态的关键点：be动词的变化 2.老师师范讲解一般现在时的被动语态构成，然后由学生模仿变化其他时态的被动语态。 1. 被动语态的基本结构： be+动词的过去分词 2. 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：
【巩固练习】 1.The headmaster praised Ben for his honesty.(改为被动语态） Ben _________ _________ for his honesty _________ the headmaster. 2. The firemen are using long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings.(改为被动语态) Long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings by the firemen. 3. Mother will buy Jack a new shirt.(改为被动语态） A new shirt Jack by Mother. 4. You had better take the wounded soldiers to hospital at once.(改为被动语态） The wounded soldiers had better to hospital at once. 5. The adults tell the children not to swim in that deep river.(改为被动语态） The children not to swim in that deep river. 6. Can some aged Chinese understand Russian?(改为被动语态） Can by some aged Chinese? 7. The boss made the employees work ten hours a day.(改为被动语态） The employees were made ten hours a day. 8. Who looks after the children in the kindergarten?(改为被动语态） By the children after in the kindergarten?. 9. The Spring Festival is welcomed by the Chinese all over the world.(改为主动语态) The Chinese all over the world the Spring Festival. 10. The price of meat has risen from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.(保持原句意思) The price of meat from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently. Keys: 1. was praised，by 2. are being used 3. will be bought for 4. be taken 5. are told 6. Russian be understood 7.to work 8. whom are, looked 9. welcome 10. has been raised 【知识梳理3】被动语态的句法功能 教学建议： 1.老师通过图示演示主动变被动的过程， 2.给出主动句子，让学生把句子转换成被动语态。 1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 e.g.: Japanese is taught in that school. (类似中文的“饭吃过了”，英汉说话习惯的相似性) 2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。 e.g.: Her book will be brought tomorrow morning. 看图学知识，来发挥你的潜力吧，到主动变被动语态的小技巧！！ 总结：上面例句的小规律： △ 主动语态变为被动语态的方法： 主动语态： 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 （执行者） （承受者） 被动语态： 主语 + be + 过去分词（+ by + 执行者）（承受者）一般省略 【巩固练习】 1. Children (not allow) to play frightening games. 2. At last the two pictures (hang) side by side. 3. The Great Wall (know) by people all over the world. 4. All the buildings (turn) into hospitals recently. 5. How long can these magazines (keep)? 6. The vegetables (plant) in the fields next week. 7. The soldier was very ill when he (operate) on by Dr. Bethune. 8. The password of your email box should (memorize). . 9. Liquids can (turn) into gases if their temperatures (make) hot enough. 10. The next morning they (find) that some trees (blow) down during the night. Keys: 1.are not allowed 2. were hung 3. is known 4. have been turned 5. be kept 6.will be planted 7. was being operated 8. be memorized 9. turn(be turned)，are made 10. found ,were blown 【知识梳理4】主动语态和被动语态的转换 1. 主动语态变为被动语态 要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us. 主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者 批注：主动，主动，主去动；被动，被动，主被动。 2. 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 教学建议： 1.让学生了解什么叫双宾语及宾语补足语并举例说明； 2.给出具体例句让学生来变成被动。 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语； 若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语； 若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或for； She gave me a book. (变为被动语态) I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me改为了主语） A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book改为了主语） 备注：此语法点应多呈现后接双宾语的动词详细讲解并加强练习。如：bring , take ,send ,show 等 3. 动词短语变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短 语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 We should speak to old men politely. Old men should be spoken to politely. 4. 带宾语补足语的被动语态 宾语后若有宾补，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 5. 变被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中的感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式， 变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to. He makes the girl stay at home. The girl is made to stay at home by him. 备注：一感二听三让四看，变被动还原to. 【例题精讲】 【例1】 Many accidents _________ by careless drivers last year. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause 【答案】B 【例2】 Driving after drinking wine _________ in China. A. allows B. doesn't allow C. is allowed D. isn't allowed 【答案】D 【例3】 Many trees and flowers _________ in our city every year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plants 【答案】B 【巩固练习】 1. The Spring Festival _________in January or February. A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celebrated D. was celebrated 2. Soft drinks _________ to children for free in some restaurants on Children's Day. A. offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered 3. —Suihua is so beautiful. It's like a big garden. —Yes. Many trees and flowers _________in our city every year. A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted 4. When will the birthday party _________, on Monday evening or Tuesday evening? A. hold B. be held C. held D. be holding 5. It will be two days before the decision _________. A. has made B. will be made C. was made D. is made. 6.—Did you go to Jim’s birthday party？ —No, I _________. A. haven’t invited B. didn’t invite C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited 7. At last the boy was made _________ and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry 8. — Do you know Lucy’s grandma? — Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has _________ for about a month since she _________ in the accident. A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed 9.English _________ more and more widely (广泛) today. So we must learn it well. A. uses B. used C. is used 10. —How many people will _________ to your birthday party? —Twelve. A. invite B. be invited C. be inviting Keys: 1-10 BCBDD DCACB 教学建议：此部分必须由班级学员合作完成。建议步骤为： 1)在8分钟内学员独立完成测试； 2)老师给出答案，学员相互批改； 3)在5分钟内就错题学员间相互合作，讨论错题，保证每一位学员都懂； 4)让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。 【基础题】 1. My father____________ to give a speech at the meeting yesterday.（崇明） A. asked B. was asked C. asks D. has asked 2. Many houses _________ in the storm a few days ago. What a pity!（奉贤） A. damage B. damaged C. were damaging D. were damaged 3. The Expo Center in Shanghai _________ on December 25th, 2009. （虹口） A. completed B. was completed C. has completed D. has been completed 4. When the bread was ___________, they usually departed for their new flat. （虹口） A. turned out B. sold out C. pointed out D. worked out 5. More new classroom buildings _________ in our school in the next few years. （嘉定） A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 6. Good service ___________ by China during the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.（静安） A. provided B. has provided C. was provided D. has been provided 7. ---In China plastic bags _________in the supermarket now. ---Yes, people should use environmental bags. （卢湾） A. can use B. can be used C. can’t use D. can’t be used 8. While travelling, you should give yourself a day to _________the time and know the way nearby. （卢湾） A. used to B. be used to C. use to D. be used 9. Do you know how many cars _________ in Shanghai every year? （普陀） A. produce B. will produce C. are producing D. are produced 10. The old man moved here to live with his son five years ago, so he _________ the life here. （松江） A. used to B. is used to C. isn’t used to D. used not to 11. It was reported that more young teachers _________ to Yunnan sometime next year. （松江） A. would send B. will send C. would be sent D. will be sent 12. Though Qian Xuesen ____________ for several months, we will remember him for ever. （徐汇） A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead 13. As we all know, wood and stones ____________ bridges in many countries. （徐汇） A. used to build B. used to building C. are used to build D. are used to building 14. These new clothes ____________ to the children in the mountain villages tomorrow. （徐汇） A. are sent B. were sent C. has been sent D. will be sent 15. More trees _________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. （闸北） A. are planted B. were planted C. have been planted D. will be planted Keys: 1-5 BDBBA 6-10 CBBDB 11-15 DDCDD 【提高题】 1. Keep reading English every day, your reading skills quickly. A. improve B. will improve C.are improved D.will be improved 2. People _________ to set off firecrackers in some areas of Shanghai for several months. A. aren’t allowed B. weren’t allowed C. won’t be allowed D. haven’t been allowed 3. Great progress ______ in studying the new medicine for cancer recently. A. will be made B. is made C. has been made D. was made 4. The library of our neighbourhood ___________ ten hours a day. A. opens B. is open C. has opened D. is opened 5. The river __________ by waste products from the factory. We can find no fish in it. A. has polluted B. will pollute C. has been polluted D.will be polluted 6. People _______ to send up fireworks around the center of the city last Spring Festival. A. weren't allowed B. won't be allowed C. are not allowed D. haven't been allowed 7. The 87th Annual Academy Awards (奥斯卡金像奖) ceremony ________ in Los Angeles, USA, on February 22,2015. A. held B. was held C.was holding D.had been held 8. It is polite to turn off our mobile phones when the show ________. A. began B. begins C. is beginning D. will begin 9. When the traffic accidents , I was talking with my teacher by the road. A. would happen B. had happened C. was happening D. happened 10. Nowadays new taxi apps (打车软件) _______to help people travel around more easily. A. are used B. use C. used D. is used 11. Here is the package yon ordered. It this morning. A. deliver B. is delivered C. delivered D. was delivered 12. Many houses________ during the earthquake happened in Yunnan, China this May. A. were destroyed B. are destroyed C. has destroyed D. had destroyed 13. Something necessary_________ to prevent the serious air pollution. A. must do B. must be done C. may do D. may be done 14. After Donghai Bridge ________, it became a new tourist attraction. A. completed B. complete C. is completed D. was completed 15. A Disneyland Park ______ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future. A.has built B. will be built C. will build D.is built Keys: 1-5 DDCDC 6-10 ABBDA 11-15 DABAB 教学建议： 1、老师引导学生针对达标检测错题进行反思和总结； 2、老师引导学生对精讲提升相关知识进行总结，用表格的形式再呈现八大时态的主动变被动。 被动语态的构成
教学建议：此部分内容建议保持在30分钟左右完成 【基础题】 1. 把下面句子改成被动语态. 1. People call the man "Wolf Dad" because of his cruel way of parenting. (改为被动语态) （杨浦） The man _________ _________ "Wolf Dad" because of his cruel way of parenting. 2. We must do something to meet the students' need and interests.（改为被动语态）(黄埔) Something must _________ _________ to meet the students' need and interests. 3. Mrs. Green moved most of the flower pots into the house last night. (改为被动语态)（普陀） Most of the flower pots _________ _________ into the house by Mrs. Green last night. 4. They built another bridge across the Yangtze River last year. (改为被动语态) （崇明） Another bridge _________ _________ across the Yangtze River last year. 5. We should plant more trees to make our school beautiful. (改为被动语态)（闸北） More trees _________ _________ planted to make our school beautiful. 6. People should take good care of the aged everywhere. (改为被动语态)（长宁） The aged should _________ _________ good care of everywhere. 7. The scientists store a lot of information in the computers every day. (改为被动语态)（奉贤） Much information _________ _________ in the computers every day. 8. Many countries make laws to stop smoking in public. (改为被动语态)（宝山） Laws _________ _________ by many countries to stop smoking in public. 9. Allen wrote many stories about the detective in 1987. (改为被动语态)（金山） Many stories about the detective _________ _________ by Allen in 1987. 10. We can't wash the silk clothes in the washing machine. (改成被动语态)（浦东） The silk clothes can't _________ _________ in the washing machine. 1.is called 2. be done 3. were moved 4. was built 5. should be 6.be taken 7. is stored 8. are made 9. were written, 10. be washed 【提高题】 1. 把下面句子改成被动语态. 1. My friend invited me to go to his birthday party last Sunday. (改为被动语态)（松江） I _________ _________ to go to my friend's birthday party last Sunday. 2. We must put this warning sign outside the gate of the museum.(改为被动语态）（徐汇） This warning sign must _________ _________ outside the gate of the museum. 3. The truck brings vegetables here every morning.(改为被动语态） Vegetables ______ ______ here every morning. 4. Nowadays people spend a lot of time on mobile phones or laptops.(改为被动语态） Nowadays a lot of time_______ ________on mobile phones or laptops. 5. Our teachers often ask us not to spend too much time on the Internet•(改为被动语态） We _________ often _________ not to spend too much time on the Internet. 6. In this estate, we must keep the noise under 50 dbs (分贝). (改成被动语态) The noise must _______ _______ under 50 dbs in this estate. 7. The workers hang lots of lanterns on both sides of the street every National Day.(改为被动语态) Lots of lanterns _______ ______ on both sides of the street every National Day. T 8. The professor mentioned a useful tool to help us think.(改为被动语态) A useful tool ____ _____ by the professor to help us think. 9. The computer system will keep your tickets for three days. (改为被动语态) Your tickets will _____ _____ by the computer system for three days. 10. We will build a large swimming pool in our neighborhood next year.(改为被动语态） A large swimming pool will ________ ________ in our neighborhood next year. 1. was invited, 2. be put 3. are brought 4. is spent 5.are asked 6. be kept 7.are hung 8. was mentioned 9. be kept 10.be built 2. Choose the best answer. 【基础题】 1. It’s terrible to hear that some students _________ when they took a school bus. （ 闸北） A. killed B. are killed C. were killed D. have killed 2. If all businesses go paperless, at least one million tons of paper _________. （ 杨浦） A. will save B. is saved C. will be saved D. saves 3. In some English classes, pictures are used _________the students learn new words. （ 徐汇） A. to help B. to helping C. for being helped D. for having helped 4. The mistakes in the report _________by the group leaders after class. （ 松江） A. will be corrected B. is corrected C. corrected D. have corrected 5. Don’t worry, your package _________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. （ 闵行） A. kept B. was keeping C. has been kept D. will be kept 6. Many graduates _________by the university to celebrate its 100th birthday last week. （静安） A. have invited B. will invite C. are invited D. were invited 7. –Have you moved into your new flat, Mr. Smith? （金山） – Not yet, the rooms _________ next month. A. are painted B. are painting C. will paint D. will be painted 8. The 2011 Nobel Prize for Medicine _________to three scientists last month. （嘉定） A. awards B. awarded C. was awarding D. was awarded 9. The children _________by the funny performance in Shanghai Circus World. （黄浦） A. attract B. attracted C. are attracting D. were attracted 10. A flower show _________ next week in the park and I’ll go to visit it with my family. （虹口） A. is holding B. will hold C. has been held D. will be held Keys：1—5 CCAAD 6—10 DDDDD 【提高题】 1. Many houses _____ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A.damaged B.were damaged C.were damaging D.are damaged 2. —Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking _____ in public places. —Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now. A. isn’t allowed B.aren’t allowed C.doesn’t allow 3. －Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday? －I’m not sure. Because I _____ so far. A.haven’t invited B.wasn’t invited C.haven’t been invited D.will be invited 4. The novel _____ by many people today. A. is read B. are read C. reads D. were read 5. －Who’s the baby in the photo? －It’s me. The photo _____ ten tears ago. A. took B. was taken C. was taking 6. Some students in this school _____ abroad as exchange students every year. A.sent B.send C.are sent 7. －How clean your car is! －Thank you. It _____ very often. A.is washed B.washes C.was washed D.washed 8. A new school _____ last year in my hometown. A.set up B.sets up C.is set up D.was set up 9. Our new library _____ last year. We enjoy reading and studying in it. A.builds B.built C.is built D.was built 10. －Claudia, are you going to Mike’s birthday party on Sunday? －Unless I _____.（2015益阳） A.am invited B.invited C.was inviting Keys：1—5 BACAB 6—10 CADDA 教学建议： 1. 分享下列三张图片，让学生说出三种图片所反映的问题，引出环保话题？ 2. 让学生思考如今有哪些环境污染问题深深影响到了我们的日常生活。 3. 引导孩子完成下列任务，给出一些可操作的实例供参考。 如今，环境问题越来越严重，那么我们应该怎么保护环境呢？请分别说出作为工厂，个人和政府，针对环保问题应该做出的举动和措施。 Now, the pollution is very serious and various, including ________pollution, ________pollution, ______pollution and so on. For above problem, what can we do? In my opinion, here are at least we can do as following: 1. For factories, _________________________________________________________________. 2. For individuals, _________________________________________________________________. 3. 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