英语语音教程(整理版)
English n Tutorial
1.Syllables
In English。a syllable consists of one vowel sound。or one vowel sound plus one or more consonant sounds。For example。"I," "it," "bite," and "thrift" all have one syllable.
2.Stressed Syllables
Single-syllable words in English have a stressed syllable。but it is not marked with a stress symbol。For words with two or more syllables。one syllable will have a longer and louder vowel sound than the other syllables。This syllable is called the stressed syllable。Some words with multiple syllables may have a secondary stress。in n to the primary stress。The stress symbol is placed in the top left corner for the primary stress and in the bottom left corner for the secondary stress.
3.Vowel Sounds in Stressed Open and Closed Syllables
1) Open Syllables: There are two types of open syllables。One is an absolute open syllable。which means there is no consonant sound after the vowel sound。Examples include "no" and "me." The other is a relative open syllable。which means there is a consonant sound (except for "r") and a silent "e" after the vowel sound。Examples include "note," "use," and "face." In stressed open syllables。the vowel sound is pronounced according to its n in the alphabet.
2) Closed Syllables: When there is a consonant sound (except for "r") after the vowel sound。it is a closed syllable.
Examples of open and closed syllables are: bad。lamp。thank。yes。sit。hot。mother。and sun.
3) -r Syllables: When "r" is combined with a vowel sound。it creates the syllables "ar," "or," "ir," "er," and "ur."
Examples include: car。horse。girl。her。and nurse.
4) -re Syllables: When "-re" is combined with a vowel sound。it creates the syllables "are," "ere," "ire," "ore," and "ure."
Examples include: "are" pronounced as /ɛə/ in "cared" and "dare," "ere" pronounced as /ɪə/ or /ɛə/ in "here" and "there," "ire" pronounced as /aɪə/ in "fire" and "tire," "ore" pronounced as /ɔ:/ in "more" and "wore," and "ure" pronounced as /jʊə/ in "pure" and "cure."
4.English Word Stress Rules
The stress of English words can follow the following rules:
1) For two-syllable words。the stress is on the first syllable if it is a noun and on the second syllable if it is a verb.
Examples: "record" pronounced as ['rekɔːd] as a noun and as [ri'kɔ:d] as a verb。"object" pronounced as ['ɔbdʒikt] as a noun and as [əb'dʒekt] as a verb.
2) For compound nouns。the stress is generally on the first syllable.
Examples: "blackboard," "handbag," "bookstore," and "classroom."
For compound verbs。the stress is generally on the second syllable.
Examples: "shortchange" and "ill-treat."
3) Some compound words have double stress.
Armchair。kind-hearted。four-footed。and second-handed are all examples of compound words in which the stress falls on the second syllable.
In English。there are a total of 48 phonemes。including 20 vowel phonemes and 28 consonant phonemes (20 consonants。3 nasals。2 semivowels。and 3 fricatives).
include和contain
The front vowels include the sounds /i:/。/ʌ/。and /u:/。while the central vowels include /ə:/ and /ə/。The back vowels include /ai/。/εə/。/ɔ:/。/ɔi/。and /uə/。There are also diphthongs。such as /ei/。/iə/。and /əu/.
The consonants are divided into several categories。including plosives (such as /p/。/b/。
/t/。and /d/)。fricatives (such as /f/。/v/。/s/。and /z/)。affricates (such as /tʃ/ and /dʒ/)。nasals (such as /m/。/n/。and /ŋ/)。and approximants (such as /w/。/j/。and /r/).
Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern when forming the past tense by adding "-ed" to the base form。When the base form ends in a voiced consonant or a vowel。the "-ed" ending is pronounced as /d/ (e.g。called。borrowed。moved。enjoyed。ed。answered)。When the base form ends in an unvoiced consonant。the "-ed" ending is pronounced as /t/ (e.g。asked。finished。helped。passed。reached)。When the base form ends in /t/ or /d/。the "-ed" ending is pronounced as /ɪd/ (e.g。wanted。started。needed。counted).

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。