口译符号
一、做口译笔记时的注意事项
1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum),
ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually)，等。
一. 图形符号
state, kingdom, country, nation, national, federal
city, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipal
village, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas
右上角：人
右下角：地方、地名、机构
领导，监督; 顶点，顶级，最 lead, supervise,  head, peak, top,
supreme, utmost, maximum, climax
citizen, urban residents / inhabitants
famer, peasant, rancher, agriculturist
universal, worldwide, international, transnational, global, transcontinental, all over the world, across boundaries
多国，其他国家  other countries
国民经济  national economy
domestic, native, internal, interior, at home
foreign, overseas, abroad, alien, exotic, out of the country, beyond seas,
in the foreign land
in and out of the country, at home and abroad
进口  import
出口export
进出口import & export
飞行员pilot
飞机场airport
中国人Chinese people
广场  square, plaze
include和contain
经济实体  economic entity
金融机构  financial institution
boss, leader, chairman, ruler, chief, manager, president, majesty, governor,director,
supervisor, monitor
国家领导人，政府首脑state leader
宏观调控，macro-control
首都  capital city
1.重要important, significant, key, critical, crucial, essential, vital, eventful,
principal, core, of great importance，significance/ consequence
2. 杰出 great, well-known, outstanding, remarkable, excellent, perfect,
brilliant, distinguished, notable, eminent, promising, prominent,              prestigious, glorious, noteworthy,
3. 主要 main, chief, primary, major, dominant, overwhelming
4. 精彩 wonderful, terrific, splendid, fantastic, marvelous
5. 强调 emphasize, focus, underline, underscore stress, highlight, spotlight,            Accentuate focus on, lay emphasis/stress on attach importance to,
pay attention to
/the most important
1.特点，特，特征；mark, feature, character, symbol；sign, characteristic, speciality；
peculiarity, attribute
2. 代表represent, symbolize, typify, stand for, on behalf of
1.整体，全部，总共whole, all, total, entire, complete, overall general, universal, integral,
gross, intact,on the whole, all in all
2. 团结，统一，团聚united, unification, gather, get together
所有国家
所有人，人民众
主权和领土完整sovereignty and territorial integrity
⊙会议meeting, forum, session, seminar, conference, symposium, committee,
association, parliament, council
峰会summit (meeting)
1.关联link to, connect with, relate to, associate with
2. 替replace, displace, supplant, substitute instead of, take the place of
∞  1.交流，交换exchange, interact, communicate
2. 关系interaction, relation, relationship Partnership
双边关系，bilateral relationship
多边关系，multilateral relationship
举杯，协议toast, agreement, treaty, contract Convention, revolution
双边协议，bilateral agreement
多边协议，multilateral agreement
发展，develop, development
发达的，developed
发展中的，developing
⊕1. 开始begin, start, initiate, open originate, launch, pioneer commence, inaugurate
2. 形成，产生，出现establish, found, create, appear, emerge, occur, come out, break out,
come into being / existence
3. 医疗卫生Red Cross, hospital, medical care medical institution
禁止、结束end, conclude, complete, cease, stop, close, terminate, expire, halt, over,
pause, turn off, switch off, break up make an end of, bring to an end,
bring to a conclusion
道路，方法method, way, road, means, measureapproach, manner, access, route, course mode, by means of, by way of
1.歪曲twist, distortion of fact
2. 困难，挫折difficulty, hardship, trouble, painful, tough, frustration, setback
远far away
近near, close
台阶，进步step by step, progress, advance make progress
过去，历史in the past, history
昨天yesterday
上个月last month
去年last year
前所未有的，unprecedented
很久以前，long before
未来，将要, in the future
改变，变化change, transform
果实，成果fruit, result, accomplishment achievement
1.（使）消失，废除delete, exclude, dismiss, erase disappear, vanish, extinct, remove
abolish, get rid of, wipe out
2. 破坏，推翻，剥夺destroy, ruin, collapse, overthrow demolish, deprive,
3. 抛弃abandon, desert, discard
4. 倒闭，下岗bankrupt, lay off, resign, retire
5. 死亡，已故的kill, murder, die, pass away, the late
6. 解决，达到，实现overcome, settle, solve, address, realize, achieve, accomplish, fulfill
二. 人体行为符号
smile, happy, glad, pleased, excited in a good mood
unhappy, sad, unsatisfied, angry, in a bad mood
Q    1. 说tell, state, announce, express, claim, address, declare, argue, vow,
explain, Introduce, report
2. 评论comment, remark, evaluate appraise, review
开罗宣言，Cairo Manifesto
赞扬  speak highly of, praise
批评  criticize
众说纷纭，若干说法various opinions
1.  听, listen to
2. 开放, be open to
改革开放reform and opening up
爱，关心love, concern, care about
scare, threaten
: 1.看observe, view, glance, stare, notice glimpse, scan, skim, witness, gaze
2.想think, consider, regard, conceive ponder, suppose, imagine, meditate speculate,
contemplate
3. 揭示，显示show, suggest, indicate, reveal, discover, reflect
←1. 来come    2. 收到receive    3. 需要，缺少need, require, want, be short of,
4. 邀请，应邀invite, on invitation
愿意接受accept with pleasure
1. 卖sell
2. 获利make a profit
1.去，到  go
2.引起，导致result in, lead to
1.买buy
2. 投资invest
↑增加；上升；完善；繁荣increase, heighten, enhance, grow, lift soar, rise, raise, elevate, ascend flourish, advance, update, improve prosperity, boost, give boost to, go up
↓减少，降低，贬值decrease, decline, reduce, descend diminish, fall, drop, sink, lower relieve, weaken, lessen, deteriorate devalue, degrade, depreciate, discount go down, fall off
1. 很，非常deeply, very, quite, awfully
2. 深远的profound, far-reaching
推动，促进，有助于promote, strengthen, encourage stimulate, facilitate, reinforce strive, push, urge, stir, force accelerate, drive, prompt, propel give impetus to, carry forward
阻碍，推迟obstacle, postpone, delay, restrain withdraw, discourage, curb, hamper hinder,barrier, bar, encumber, put off stand in one’s way, hold back, draw back
冲突，矛盾，分歧，争议conflict, contradiction difference, dispute

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