英语课堂之短语精解
英语常用短语精解之一
  (1)to get on  (2)to get off  (3)to put on  (4)to take off  (5)to call up
  (6)to turn on  (7)to turn off  (8)right away  (9)to pick up (10)at once
1.to get on : (to enter, board)
【说明：】to get on(搭乘，上车) 动词get的用法很多，常常在后面接用各种不同的介系词或副词而形成意义不同的习语。这里的on是介系词，后面的bus和subway用作它的受词。如果on作副词用，则有进步，相处甚好，与年事已长的意思。
【例：】(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street.
          我总是在３４街搭乘公共汽车。
        (2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning.
          威廉每天早晨在同一车站搭乘地下火车。
  2.to get off : (to leave, descend from)
【说明：】to get off (下车)与上面的get on相反。Get off也有好些其它的意义，如寄出，离开等。下车也可以用alight from或get out of a carriage或motor car, 不过下电车或公共汽车多用get off .
  【例：】(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.
              海伦在42街下公共汽车。
          (2) At what station do you usually get off the subway?
              你通常在那一站下地下火车？
  3.to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes)
【说明：】 to put on (穿，戴)特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个成语。英文中
还有wear和dress二字也是穿的意思。可是wear是继续的动作，表示穿着的状态，而put on是一时的动作。下面两个句子都是错的：
I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (应用put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day （应用wear）.dress后面的受词一定是人，如dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white, Get up and dress quickly. （快点起来穿好衣服。）
  【例：】(1) Mary put on her hat and left the room.
            玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋子。
        (2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat?
            约翰为什么穿衣戴帽呢？
  4.to take off : (to remove-said also of clothes)
【说明：】to take off (脱去)与put on 的意义相反，指脱去衣物鞋帽.民可以用put off, 但较不通用。
  【例：】(1) John took off his hat as he entered the room.
              约翰在这屋时脱下他的帽子。
          (2) Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warm in the room?
海伦是不是因为室内太暖和而脱去她的外衣呢？
5.to call up: (to telephone)
【说明：】to call up (打电话给……)后面一定要有受词，也就是接电话的人。如果受词是代名词的话，常插在call与up 之间。
  【例：】 (1) I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three o’clock.
              我昨天忘记打电话给钟斯先生，虽然我答应了在三点钟的时候打电话给他的。
          (2) Did anyone call me up while I was out?
              我出去的时候有人打电话来我吗？
  6.to turn on : (to start, begin)
【说明：】to turn on (扭开，打开)指扭开电灯，电炉，电扇，煤气等的按钮或开关，以及自来水的水龙头等而言。开电灯也可以用put on the light.
【例：】(1) Please turn on the light. This room is dark.
            请你扭开电灯，这房间太黑暗了。
        (2) Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out.
我们外出时，有人把房内的电炉扭开了。
  7.to turn off : (to stop, terminate extinguish)
  【说明：】to turn off （关闭，停止）指扭熄电灯，关闭无线电、自来水等。关灯也可以用put out the light.
  【例：】(1) Please turn off the light. We do not need it now.
get out of
              请把电灯关了，我们现在不需要它。
          (2) Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it?
              我可以把收音机关掉吗，你是不是还要收听呢？
  8.right away : (immediately, at once, very soon)
【说明：】right away （立刻，马上）为美国口头语，没有immediately与at once正式，系一副词片语，与right now (exactly now )的意思相仿。
  【例：】(1) She says that dinner will be ready right away.
              她说晚餐马上就准备好了。
          (2) Can William come to my office right away?
              威廉能够立刻就到我的办公室来吗？
  9.to pick up : (to take-especially with fingers)
  【说明：】to pick up （拾起，拣起）尤指用手指把东西拿起业而言。To pick up还有很多 其它的用法。如
        ①让人搭便车：
            The motorist picked up a couple of servicemen along the highway .
              （这个乘汽车的人在公路上让两个军人搭乘便车。）
          ②听会,自然学会，（言语，游戏等）：
            He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in France.
              （他从来没有学过法文；他所知道的是他住在法国的时候听会的。）
          ③捉住，逮捕，萍水相逢便行订交，选出：
            I picked up London last night.
            (昨晚我在无线电听到了伦敦的播音。)
    【例：】(1) John Picked up the newspaper which was on his desk.
              约翰把书桌上的报纸拿了起来。
            (2) Why didn’t you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor?
              你为什么不把地板上的那枝铅笔拾起来呢？
10.at once: (immediately, very soon, right away)
【说明：】at once （立刻，马上）为一级通用的副词片语，也可以作为同时(simultaneously) 解，如：This book is at once interesting and instructive.（此书既有趣又有益。）
  【例：】(1) He asked me to come to his office at once.
              他请我立刻就到他的办公室去。
          (2) I want you to send this telegram at once.
              我希望你马上把这电报发出去。
英语常用短语精解之二
  (1)to wait for (2)at last (3)as usual (4)to find out (5)to look at (6)to look for
  (7)all right (8)right here (9)little by little (10)tired out (11)to call on

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