备战2022年高考英语热点材料重点题型突破
08 重难语言知识之链接动词
【重点提示】
英语中，人们常把appear,seem,fail,happen,tend, turn out 等动词和不定式符号一起叫做链接动词(catenative verbs)，把链接动词和动词不定式连用这种结构叫做链接动词结构。例如：
He seemed to know the answer to the question.
I happened to meet him in the street yesterday afternoon.
在这两个句子中，seemed to和happened to都是链接动词，seemed to know和happened to meet则都是链 接动词结构。
1.链接动词结构是一个不可分割的整体，是整个句子的谓语部分。我们把seem,happen等动词和不定式连在一起，看作整个句子的谓语部分是由含链接动词结构句子的自身特点所决定的。下面我们来看一个英语句子：
He seemed to know the answer to the question.
I happened to meet him in the street yesterday afternoon.
在这两个句子中，seemed to和happened to都是链接动词，seemed to know和happened to meet则都是链 接动词结构。
1.链接动词结构是一个不可分割的整体，是整个句子的谓语部分。我们把seem,happen等动词和不定式连在一起，看作整个句子的谓语部分是由含链接动词结构句子的自身特点所决定的。下面我们来看一个英语句子：
Sam appeared to realize the importance of the matter.
在分析这个句子时，如果我们把appeared和to realize切分成两个部分，将appeared看作谓语动词，将to realize看作另一个语法成分，这样to realize的语法成分就说不清楚了，因为它不可能是谓语动词的宾语，不可能是修饰谓语动词的状语，也不可能是主语补足语。但是，如果把appeared to realize这个不可分割的整 体看作是句子的谓语，把the importance of the matter看成是该谓语的宾语，这样问题便迎刃而解了。
2.构成链接动词结构中的主要动词必须带上动词不定式，句子的意思才完整。例如：
John seemed to be coming.
Sam happened to fall.
这两个句子语法上的主语是John和Sam，但我们不能用通常的方法问“Who seemed?”“Who happened?”因为这两个句子中seemed,happened的意思都不完整。这两个问句应该分别接to be coming和to fall，即“Who seemed to be coming?”“Who happened to fall?”这就是说，链接动词结构中的主要动词，只是句子谓语的一部分， 该动词单独不能作句子的谓语。
3.把含链接动词结构的句子变成疑问句和否定句时，其操作词是do，例如：
在分析这个句子时，如果我们把appeared和to realize切分成两个部分，将appeared看作谓语动词，将to realize看作另一个语法成分，这样to realize的语法成分就说不清楚了，因为它不可能是谓语动词的宾语，不可能是修饰谓语动词的状语，也不可能是主语补足语。但是，如果把appeared to realize这个不可分割的整 体看作是句子的谓语，把the importance of the matter看成是该谓语的宾语，这样问题便迎刃而解了。
2.构成链接动词结构中的主要动词必须带上动词不定式，句子的意思才完整。例如：
John seemed to be coming.
Sam happened to fall.
这两个句子语法上的主语是John和Sam，但我们不能用通常的方法问“Who seemed?”“Who happened?”因为这两个句子中seemed,happened的意思都不完整。这两个问句应该分别接to be coming和to fall，即“Who seemed to be coming?”“Who happened to fall?”这就是说，链接动词结构中的主要动词，只是句子谓语的一部分， 该动词单独不能作句子的谓语。
3.把含链接动词结构的句子变成疑问句和否定句时，其操作词是do，例如：
Sam failed to realize the importance of the matter.
这个句子的疑问句和否定句分别是：
Did Sam fail to realize the importance of the matter?
Sam didn't fail to realize the importance of the matter.
上述句子的被动结构为：
The importance of the matter failed to be realized by Sam.
在被动结构中，链接动词failed to不象主要动词，而象情态动词。
4.含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成被动结构，但这并不是说所有含链接动词结构的句子都有其相应的被动结构形式，有些含链接动词结构的句子是没有相应的被动结构形式的。例如：
The writer managed to finish his book within two years.
The player tends to pitch the ball too high.
这两个句子中managed to finish和tends to pitch都是链接动词结构，但这两个句子都没有相应被动结构 形式。
这个句子的疑问句和否定句分别是：
Did Sam fail to realize the importance of the matter?
Sam didn't fail to realize the importance of the matter.
上述句子的被动结构为：
The importance of the matter failed to be realized by Sam.
在被动结构中，链接动词failed to不象主要动词，而象情态动词。
4.含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成被动结构，但这并不是说所有含链接动词结构的句子都有其相应的被动结构形式，有些含链接动词结构的句子是没有相应的被动结构形式的。例如：
The writer managed to finish his book within two years.
The player tends to pitch the ball too high.
这两个句子中managed to finish和tends to pitch都是链接动词结构，但这两个句子都没有相应被动结构 形式。
含链接动词结构中的句子能否转换成被动结构，与这种结构中的第一个动词有关。一般说
来，如果该动词的动作受句子主语支配，含由这种动词组成的链接动词结构的句子不能转换成被动结构；如果该动词的动作 不受句子主语的支配，含这种动词组成的链接动词结构的句子可以转换成被动结构。上述两例中的managed和tends的动作分别受句子的主语the writer和the player的支配，故这两个句子不能被转换成被动结构。请再看下面两个句子：
Helen got to know the truth of the matter.
Helen happened to know the truth of the matter.
这两个句子都是含链接动词结构的句子，但第一个句子中的got受主语Helen的支配，故没有相应的被动结构；第二个句子中的happened不受主语Helen的支配，故该句子可以被转换成被动结构：
The truth of the matter happened to be known by Helen.
5.有些含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成如“It seems/”一样的结构。 例如：
She seems to have been to many countries→It seems that she has been to many countries.
The news turned out to be true.→It turned out that the news was true.
Helen got to know the truth of the matter.
Helen happened to know the truth of the matter.
这两个句子都是含链接动词结构的句子，但第一个句子中的got受主语Helen的支配，故没有相应的被动结构；第二个句子中的happened不受主语Helen的支配，故该句子可以被转换成被动结构：
The truth of the matter happened to be known by Helen.
5.有些含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成如“It seems/”一样的结构。 例如：
She seems to have been to many countries→It seems that she has been to many countries.
The news turned out to be true.→It turned out that the news was true.
They happened to hear her singing in the next room.→It happened that they heard her singing in the next room.
但并非所有含链接动词结构的句子都可以被转换成上述结构。例如“He managed to get the chance.” 就不能转换成上述结构。
但并非所有含链接动词结构的句子都可以被转换成上述结构。例如“He managed to get the chance.” 就不能转换成上述结构。
【重点突破】
seem一、阅读选择
1
How about changing your body language and facial expressions, depending on the background of the person in front of you? Would you sit or stand differently and pay attention to your hand gestures?
These are just a handful of the small changes in behaviour that can contribute to what is known as your “cultural intelligence”, or CQ-and there is growing evidence that suggests they are well worth learning.
“The number one predictor of your success in today’s borderless world is not your IQ, not your resume (简历), and not even your professional skills,” writes social scientist David Livermore in his book The Cultural Intelligence Difference. “It’s your CQ.”
Much of the research on CQ has been done by Soon Ang, a professor of management at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. In the late 1990s, her job was updating computer systems in Singapore to deal with a software problem that would possibly bring down the world’s computer networks. Ang put together an international team of programmers to solve the problem.
They were some of the brightest minds in the business, yet she soon found that they just couldn’t work together. The programmer failed to work together effectively. Often, the members would appear to agree on a solution, but then carry it out in completely different ways.
Clearly, it wasn’t a question of expertise or motivation. Instead, she saw that these highly gifted employees were stumbling over each other’s cultural differences, leading to a break
down in communication and understanding.
These insights would lead Ang to team up with the organizational psychologist P. Christopher Earley. Together they built a comprehensive theory of CQ, which they described as “the capability to function effectively in a variety of cultural contexts”.
Typically CQ is measured through a series of questions that assess four distinct components. The first is “CQ Drive”—the motivation to learn about other cultures. Then there is “CQ Knowledge”, which is an understanding of some of the general cultural differences you may face. “CQ Strategy”, examines how you make sense of those difficult confrontation and learn from them while “CQ Action”, involves your behavioral flexibility-whether you are able to adapt your conduct flexibly.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A. To introduce what CQ is. B. To explain why people need CQ.
C. To show how to improve CQ. D. To encourage people to make changes.
2. What does David Livermore think of CQ?
A. It’s an anti-traditional element. B. It’s decisive for one’s success.
C. It’s impractical. D. It’s no different from IQ.
3. Why did the programmers work inefficiently?
A. They spoke different languages.
B. Some of them were not experts.
C. They lacked passion for teamwork.
D. They had barriers for mutual understanding.
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. How CQ works
B. CQ determines success
C. IQ or CQ?
D. How to measure CQ
【答案】A BDB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“文化智力（CQ）”以及其对成功的重要作用。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“How about changing your body language and facial expressions, depending on the background of the person in front of you? Would you sit or stand differently and pay attention to your hand gestures?(如何根据你面前人的背景来改变你的肢体语言和面部表情呢？你会用不同的姿势坐着或站着，注意你的手势吗？)”以及第二段“These are just a handful of the small changes in behaviour that can contribute to what is known as your “cultural intelligence”, or CQ-and there is growing evidence that suggests they are well worth learning.(这些只是一小部分行为上的小变化，它们会影响你所谓的“文化智力”（CQ），而且越来越多的证据表明，它们非常值得学习)”可知，这篇文
章的重点是告诉我们行为上的微小变化可能会影响你的文化智商，故可推知，第一段的作用是介绍什么是文化智力。故选A。
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