20000词汇巅峰速记营
词汇记忆第16节
本节课目标
掌握词根-ply，-ploy，-ploit，-pli，-plic，-plex，-flex，-play，-flect的含义
词根-ply，-ploy，-ploit，-pli，-plic，-plex，-flex，-play，-flect表示“1. fold：折叠；
重合；倍；2. bend：弯曲；3. work with/use：使用” 的含义
apply[ə'plaɪ]vt. 应用；申请；涂，敷941
词源：late 14c., "join or combine (with); attach (to something), adhere," from Old French aploiier "apply, use, attach" (12c., Modern French appliquer), from Latin applicare "attach to, join, connect;" figuratively, "devote (oneself) to, give attention," from ad "to" (see ad-) + plicare "fold" (from PIE root *plek- "to plait").
The etymological sense is "bring things in contact with one another." In English, from c. 1400 as "use o
r employ" something for a certain purpose;" from early 15c. of lotions, plasters, etc., "place in contact with the body," also, of one's mental powers or faculties, "put to work at a task or pursuit." Meaning "seek a job by submitting an application for one" is from 1851. A by-form applicate is recorded from 1530s.
搭配：apply for（考）：申请… apply A to B（考）：将A运用于B
例句1）：There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon V alley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts. 在科学领域没有太多工作给他们，因此他们去到华尔街或者是硅谷去把他们的分析技能运用在更加实用——回报也更丰厚——的工作上。
写作例句1）：如今，越来越多的数字化产品被用在了人们的日常生活中。
Nowadays, more and more digital products are applied to people’s daily life.
application [ˌæplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 应用；申请；敷用；应用程序1528
助记：applic（=apply：应用；申请；敷用；应用程序）+ ion （名词性后缀）→应用；申请；敷用；应用程序
applicant['æplɪk(ə)nt] n. 申请人，申请者；请求者5586
助记：applic（=apply：申请）+ant（名词后缀：表“人”）→ 申请人
applied[ə'plaɪd] adj. 实用的；应用的6561
助记：apply（应用；申请；敷用）+ ed（形容词性后缀）→实用的；应用的
appliance[ə'plaɪəns] n. 器具；器械；装置6127
助记：appli（=apply：用）+ance（名词后缀）→拿来用的东西→器具、器械
搭配：household appliances（考）：家用电器（器械）electrical appliances（考）：电器
后缀-ance用法
-ance  word-forming element attached to verbs to form abstract nouns of process or fact (convergence  from  converge), or of state or quality (absence  from  absent); ultimately from Latin  -antia  and  -entia, which depended on the vowel in the stem word, from PIE  *-nt-, adjectival suffix. As Old French evolved from Latin, these were leveled to  -ance, but later French borrowings from Latin (
some of them subsequently passed to English) used the appropriate Latin form of the ending, as did words borrowed by English directly from Latin (diligence, absence).
English thus inherited a confused mass of words from French (crescent/croissant), and further confused it since c. 1500 by restoring  -ence  selectively in some forms of these words to conform with Latin. Thus  dependant, but  independence, etc.
applicable  [ə'plɪkəb(ə)l; 'æplɪk-] adj. 可应用的；可适用的；合适的  7731
助记：applic （=apply ：运用）+able→可运用的、可适用的 搭配：be applicable to sb. / sth.（考）：适用于某人/某物
例句：It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis
of many skills applicable to  both academic and nonacademic tasks. 它是在查、理解和合成方面的一个经验，这种经验构成了很多技巧的基础，可同时适用于学术或非学术
applicability  [,æplɪkə'bɪlətɪ] n. 适应性；适用性                  17228
助记：applicable （可应用的；可适用的；合适的）+ ility （名词后缀）→ 适应性；适用性 employ[ɪm'plɒɪ; em-] vt. 使用，采用；雇佣                          1976
助记：em （=in ：进来）+ploy （使用）→招聘（即：把人拿进来使用）
释义和用法：
1、(VERB) 雇用 If a person or company employs you, they pay you to work for them.
2、(VERB) 使用；采用 If you employ certain methods, materials, or expressions, you use them. self-employed  ['selfəm'plɔid] adj. 自雇的；个体经营的；自由职业的  14518 unemployed  [ʌnɪm'plɒɪd; -em-] adj. 失业的；未被利用的      6493 unemployment  [ʌnɪm'plɒɪm(ə)nt; -em-] n. 失业；失业人数；失业率    3523 employee  [ɪmˈplɔɪi;ˌemplɔɪˈi:] n. 雇员；从业员工            933  employer  [ɪm'plɒɪə; em-] n. 雇主，老板                  2317 employment [ɪm'plɒɪm(ə)nt; em-] n. 雇用；职业；使用      2557  【课堂笔记】
-ance                                    （1）过程
-ence                                    （2）事实 -ancy    名词后缀，一般为抽象名词，表示  （3）状态 -ency                                    （4）品质                                            【课堂笔记】
The lesson from the former is applicable to the latter. 前者的教训适用于后者。
教训
【课堂笔记】  -ee  （1）表被动        （2）人/机构    如：interview v.采访/面试 → interviewer n. 面试官→ interviewee n. 被面试者    commit v. 委托/托付 → committee 被委托的机构 →委员会
exploit[ˈeksplɔɪt;ɪkˈsplɔɪt] vt. 剥削；利用；开发，开拓4422
助记：ex（外、出来）+ ploit（=ploy=ply：使用）→用出来→剥削；开发（即：把招聘进来的人的价值“用出来”）
释义和用法：
1）(VERB) 压榨；剥削；占…的便宜If you say that someone is exploiting you, you think that they are treating you unfairly by using your work or ideas and giving you very little in return.
Critics claim he exploited black musicians for personal gain.
批评家声称他压榨黑人音乐家谋求私利。
2）(VERB) 充分运用；发挥If you exploit something, you use it well, and achieve something or gain an advantage from it.
Cary is hoping to exploit new opportunities in Europe.
卡里希望好好利用欧洲的新机遇。
3）(VERB) 开采；开发To exploit resources or raw materials means to develop them and use them for industry or commercial activities.
I think we're being very short sighted in not exploiting our own coal.
我认为不开采我们自己的煤是非常短视的做法。
exploitation [eksplɒɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]n. 剥削；利用；开发，开采6994submitting
助记：exploit （剥削；利用；开发，开拓）+ ation（名词性后缀）→ 剥削；利用；开发，开采
exploited[iksˈplɔitid] adj. 被剥削的；被开发的；被利用的20036
助记：exploit （剥削；利用；开发，开拓）+ ed（形容词性后缀表被动完成）→ 被剥削的；
被开发的；被利用的
区别：explore[ɪk'splɔː; ek-]vt. 探测；探讨；勘探1603
释义和用法：
1)(VERB) 在…探险；探测；勘察；考察If you explore a place, you travel around it to find out what it is like.
After exploring the old part of town there is a guided tour of the cathedral.
游览完老城区之后，会由导游带队参观大教堂。
2)(VERB) 探讨，研究（观点或建议）If you explore an idea or suggestion, you think about it or comment on it in detail, in order to assess it carefully.
The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.
部长预计将会探讨这个地区战后重建的意见。
3)(VERB) 勘探If people explore an area for a substance such as oil or minerals, they study the area and do tests on the land to see whether they can find it.
The government is allowing the areas of inshore coastal waters to be explored for oil and gas.
当局允许在近海海域勘探石油和天然气。
exploration [eksplə'reɪʃ(ə)n]n. 探测；探讨；勘探3921
助记：explore（探测；探讨；勘探）+ ation（名词性后缀）→ 探测；探讨；勘探
explorer[ek'splɔːrə(r)]n. 探测者，探测器；探险家7912
助记：explore（探测；勘探）+ er（表示人或物的名词性后缀）→探测者，探测器；探险家exploratory [ɪk'splɒrət(ə)rɪ; ek-]adj. 探究的；勘探的；考察的10677
助记：explore（探测；勘探）+ atory（形容词性后缀）→ 探究的；勘探的；考察的unexplored [ʌnɪk'splɔːd; ʌnek-] adj. 未勘查过的18317
助记：un（否定性前缀）+ explore（探测；勘探）+ ed（形容词性后缀表被动完成）→未勘
查过的
deploy[dɪ'plɒɪ] vt. 部署，调度（军队或武器）；有效地利用；调动4544
助记：de（=dis分开）+ploy（=fold：折叠，重合）→把重合的（军队）分散开→部署，调动；有效地利用
词源：1786 as a military word, "extend (troops) in a line, expand (a unit which had been formed in columns)," from French déployer "unroll, unfold," from Old French desploiier "unfold," from Latin displicare "unfold, scatter," from dis- (see dis-) + plicare "to fold" (from PIE root *plek- "to plait"). "In its AFr. form regularly adopted in ME as desplay" [OED]. Figurative use by 1829. Intransitive sense from 1796. Related: Deployed; deploying.
释义和用法
[动词+ 名词短语]
1）(technical 术语) to move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action 部署，调度（军队或武器）
At least 5 000 missiles were deployed along the border.
沿边境至少部署了5 000枚导弹。
2）(formal) to use sth effectively 有效地利用；调动
to deploy arguments/resources
利用论据/资源
【课堂笔记】
（1）=down 下
de- （2）=not 否/不好的
（3）=intensive 加强语气
（4）=dis 分开
deployment [diː'plɒɪmənt] n. 调度，部署6521
助记：deploy（调度，部署）+ ment （名词性后缀）→ 调度，部署
complicate ['kɒmplɪkeɪt]vt. 使难以理解；使复杂化6068
词源：
1620s, "to intertwine," from Latin complicatus "folded together; confused, intricate," past participle of
complicare "to involve," literally "to fold together," from com "with, together" (see com-) + plicare "to fold, weave" (from PIE root *plek- "to plait"). Meaning "to make more complex or intricate" is recorded from 1832, from earlier sense "to combine in a complex way" (17c.).
助记：com（全部）+plic（折叠）+ ate（动词后缀）→全部重叠到一起→（变）复杂；难以理解
释义和用法：
(VERB) 使难以理解；使复杂化To complicate something means to make it more difficult to understand or deal with.
The day's events, he said, would only complicate the task of the peacekeeping forces.
他说白天发生的事件只会使维和部队的任务更为复杂。
complicated['kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]adj. 难懂的，复杂的2775
助记：com（全部）+plic（折叠）+ ated（形容词后缀：的）→全部重叠到一起的→复杂的
uncomplicated[ʌn'kɑmplə'ketɪd]adj. 简单的；不复杂的18538
助记：un（否定性前缀）+ complicate （使难以理解；使复杂化）+ ed （形容词性后缀）→ 简单的；不复杂的
complication[kɒmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n. 使复杂化的难题（或困难）；[医]并发症5055
助记：complicate （使难以理解；使复杂化）+ ion（名词性后缀）→使复杂化的难题（或困难）
释义和用法：
1）(N-COUNT) 使复杂化的难题(或困难) A complication is a problem or difficulty that makes a situation harder to deal with.
The age difference was a complication to the relationship.
年龄差异使得双方交往更加困难。
2）(N-COUNT) 并发症A complication is a medical problem that occurs as a result of another illness or disease.
He died of complications from a heart attack.
他死于心脏病发作引起的并发症。
complex['kɒmpleks] adj. 复杂的；n. 综合建筑；情节1607
助记：com（全部）+plex（编制，折叠）→ 全部编织/折叠在一起→复杂的
释义和用法：
1）(ADJ) 复杂的；错综的Something that is complex has many different parts, and is therefore often difficult to understand.
in-depth coverage of today's complex issues.
对时下一些复杂问题的深度报道
2）(N-COUNT) 综合建筑；综合大楼  A complex is a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas.
plans for constructing a new stadium and leisure complex.
修建新体育场和休闲中心的计划
3）(N-COUNT) (通常指由于过去不愉快的经历而形成的)情结If someone has a complex about something, they have a mental or emotional problem relating to it, often because of an unpleasant experience in the past.
I have never had a complex about my height.
我从来没有担心过自己的身高。
complexity [kəm'pleksətɪ] n. 复杂，复杂性；复杂错综的事物3796
助记：complex （复杂的）+ ity （名词性后缀）→ 复杂，复杂性；复杂错综的事物complexion [kəm'plekʃ(ə)n]n. 性质；特性；面；肤10640
助记：com（一起）+plex（重合）+ion（名词后缀）→指身体里的体液等合到一起，从影响

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