考研真题：暨南大学2021年[基础英语]考试真题
Part I  Cloze (10 points)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first __1__, they were like newborn children, unable to use this __2__ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’s future __3__ and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is __4__ for our ability to produce and use language. They __5__ that our highly evolved brain provides us __6__ an innate language ability not found in lower __7__. Proponents of this innateness theory say that our __8__ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, __9__ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical __10__ times for language development.
Current __11__ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. __12__, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in __13__ grades. Young children often can learn several
languages by being __14__ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the __15__ of their first language have become firmly fixed.
__16__ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been __17__ from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that __18__ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language __19__ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. __20__, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1. A.generated    B.evolved    C.born    D.originated
2. A.valuable    B.appropriate    C.convenient    D.favorite
3. A.attainments    B.feasibility    C.entertainments    D.evolution
4. A.essential    B.available    C.reliable        D.responsible
5. A.confirm    B.inform    C.claim      D.convince
6. A.for    B.from    C.of      D.with
7. A.organizations    B.organisms    C.humans    D.children
8. A.potential    B.performance    C.preference    D.passion
9. A.as    B.just as      C.like    D.unlike
10. A.ideological    B.biological    C.social      D.psychological
11. A.reviews    B.reference    C.reaction    D.recommendation
12. A.In a word    B.In a sense    C.Indeed        D.In other words
13. A.various    B.different      C.the higher    D.the lower
14. A.revealed    B.exposed    C.engaged.  D.involved
15. A.regulations    B.formations        C.rules    D.constitutions
16. A.Although    B.Whether    C.Since    D.When
17. A.distinguished.  B.different    C.protected    D.isolated
18. A.exposition    Bparison    C.contrast    D.interaction
19. A.acquisition    B.appreciation    C.requirement    D.alternative
20. A.As a result    B.After all    C.In other words    D.Above all
Part II  Reading Comprehension
retractable
Section A (40 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
I’ve been attempting to learn French for a while now, and it’s a slow process. It’s all much harder this time around than it was to learn English, my first language. All this effort made me wonder if there were some tricks to learning a foreign language that I’d been missing. It turns out that it’s just a tricky thing to do once you’re an adult.
Learning language is something we’re born to do. It’s an instinct we
have, which is proven, as one research paper says. To believe that special biological adaptations are a requirement, it is enough to notice that all the children but none of the dogs and cats in the house acquire language. As children, we learn to think, learn to communicate and intuitively pick up an understanding of grammar rules in our mother tongue, or native language. From then on, we learn all new languages in relation to the one we first knew — the one that we used to understand the world around us for the first time ever.
When it comes to learning a second language, adults are at a disadvantage. One theory of why learning a foreign language is so hard for adults focuses on the process we go through to do so. Robert Bley-Vroman explains in Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition that adults approach learning a new language with an adult problem-solving process, rather than in the same way a child develops language for the first time.
Although this means adults generally progress through the early stages of learning a language faster than children, people who are exposed to a foreign language first during childhood usually achieve a higher proficiency than those who start out as adults.
There’s still hope, though.    A study of secondary language pronunciation found that some learners who started as adults scored as well as native speakers. It’s also been shown that motivation to learn can improve proficiency, so if you really want to learn a language, it’s not necessarily too late.
21. What did the author realize from his experience of learning French?
A. Learning French is difficult for an adult.
B. French is as difficult as English for him.
C. He has missed the tips on learning French.
D. It demands great efforts to learn a language.
22. How are we influenced by the way we learned our mother tongue?
A. We prefer to learn by understanding the grammar rules first.
B. We tend to attach more importance to listening and speaking.
C. We are inclined to learn all other new languages in relation to it.
D. We may unconsciously think it is the best way to learn languages.
23. According to Robert Bley-Vroman, how do adults approach a new language?
A. They tend to choose a problem-solving process.
B. They try to be exposed to a foreign environment.
C. They follow the way a child learns a language.
D. They start by taking language proficiency practices.
24. According to the passage, what is the good news for adult learners?
A. They can achieve a higher proficiency than most children.
B. They can speak the language as good as the native speakers.
C. They can master a foreign language once they are motivated.
D. They can improve proficiency by imitating the way kids learn.
25. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The differences between child learners and adult learners.
B. The possible difficulties language learners may come across.

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