url特殊字符转义及解决⽅法（附有例⼦）
做页⾯开发的时候有时候，会使⽤Javascript的escape()，encodeURIComponent(),encodeURI ()这三个函数进⾏URL编码，防⽌特殊字符接收不到。
解决⽅法：就是把客服端中带有特殊字符的参数替换成另⼀些代替的参数，如下所⽰
1、+ URL 中+号表⽰空格 %2B
2、空格 URL中的空格可以⽤+号或者编码 %20
3、 / 分隔⽬录和⼦⽬录 %2F
4、 ? 分隔实际的 URL 和参数 %3F
5、 % 指定特殊字符 %25
6、# 表⽰书签 %23
7、 & URL 中指定的参数间的分隔符 %26
8、 = URL 中指定参数的值 %3D
1.使⽤encodeURLComponent传递参数
这是所需要传递的参数
<a href="javascript:video(0);"onclick="javascript:URLencode('${classify.name }');">${classify.name }</a></li>
解决⽅式如下
<script>
function URLencode(sStr) {
sStr = escape(escape(sStr));
location.href="passport.baidu/?logout&aid=7&u='+encodeURIComponent("cang.baidu/bruce42")+);
}
</script>
2. 进⾏URL跳转的时候整体使⽤encodeURL
<script>
function URLencode(sStr) {
Location.href=encodeURI("cang.baidu/do/s?word=百度&ct=21");
}
</script>
3.js使⽤数据时可以⽤escape(个⼈⽤的⽐较多)编码功能⽐较强⼤（个⼈觉得）
Javascript中的escape()是将中⽂按ISO-8859-1字符集进⾏URL编码的，那样通Parameter()是能直接获取到请求参数的，但后来的Javascript将escape()换成了Unicode字符集编码，如此⼀来，在JSP和Servlet中就没法直接拿到请求参数了，⽽且此时的request获得的参数值都是空值。
⾸先对中⽂字符进⾏两次escape()编码，如要传参数name，值为“王”，则url的格式为….name=es
cape(escape(“王”))，这样后台获取的数据就是经过就是经过浏览器解码⼀次后的参数，所以需要⾃⼰写⼀个，⼯具类解码。
下⾯举个栗⼦：
jsp代码
<a href="javascript:video(0);"
onclick="javascript:URLencode('${classify.name }');">${classify.name }</a>
js代码
function URLencode(sStr) {
sStr = escape(escape(sStr));
location.href="${tPath }/classify/queryClassify?c="+sStr;
}
由于取到的参数是经过u9EC4%u4FEE%u7FA4这样格式的，没办法⽤常规的URLDecoder.decode()来进⾏解码，下⾯⼀个⼤⽜写的⼀个⼯具类，我直接拿来使⽤了。直接调⽤unescape（）就可以解码了。
package com.imax.util;
/**
* JavaScript escape/unescape 编码的 Java 实现
*/
public class Escape {
private final static String[] hex = {
"00","01","02","03","04","05","06","07","08","09","0A","0B","0C","0D","0E","0F",
"10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","1A","1B","1C","1D","1E","1F",
"20","21","22","23","24","25","26","27","28","29","2A","2B","2C","2D","2E","2F",
"30","31","32","33","34","35","36","37","38","39","3A","3B","3C","3D","3E","3F",
"40","41","42","43","44","45","46","47","48","49","4A","4B","4C","4D","4E","4F",
"50","51","52","53","54","55","56","57","58","59","5A","5B","5C","5D","5E","5F",
"60","61","62","63","64","65","66","67","68","69","6A","6B","6C","6D","6E","6F",
"70","71","72","73","74","75","76","77","78","79","7A","7B","7C","7D","7E","7F",
"80","81","82","83","84","85","86","87","88","89","8A","8B","8C","8D","8E","8F",
"90","91","92","93","94","95","96","97","98","99","9A","9B","9C","9D","9E","9F",
"A0","A1","A2","A3","A4","A5","A6","A7","A8","A9","AA","AB","AC","AD","AE","AF",
"B0","B1","B2","B3","B4","B5","B6","B7","B8","B9","BA","BB","BC","BD","BE","BF",
"C0","C1","C2","C3","C4","C5","C6","C7","C8","C9","CA","CB","CC","CD","CE","CF",
"D0","D1","D2","D3","D4","D5","D6","D7","D8","D9","DA","DB","DC","DD","DE","DF",
"E0","E1","E2","E3","E4","E5","E6","E7","E8","E9","EA","EB","EC","ED","EE","EF",
"F0","F1","F2","F3","F4","F5","F6","F7","F8","F9","FA","FB","FC","FD","FE","FF"
};
private final static byte[] val = {
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x0A,0x0B,0x0C,0x0D,0x0E,0x0F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x0A,0x0B,0x0C,0x0D,0x0E,0x0F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,
0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F
};
public static String escape(String s) {
StringBuffer sbuf = new StringBuffer();
int len = s.length();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
int ch = s.charAt(i);
if (ch == ' ') { // space : map to '+'
sbuf.append('+');
} else if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') { // 'A'..'Z' : as it was
sbuf.append((char)ch);
} else if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') { // 'a'..'z' : as it was
sbuf.append((char)ch);
} else if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') { // '0'..'9' : as it was
sbuf.append((char)ch);
} else if (ch == '-' || ch == '_' // unreserved : as it was
|| ch == '.' || ch == '!'
|| ch == '~' || ch == '*'
|| ch == '/' || ch == '('
|| ch == ')') {
sbuf.append((char)ch);
} else if (ch <= 0x007F) { // other ASCII : map to %XX
sbuf.append('%');
sbuf.append(hex[ch]);
} else { // unicode : map to %uXXXX
sbuf.append('%');
sbuf.append('u');
sbuf.append(hex[(ch >>> 8)]);
sbuf.append(hex[(0x00FF & ch)]);
}
}
String();
}
public static String unescape(String s) {
StringBuffer sbuf = new StringBuffer();
int i = 0;
int len = s.length();
while (i < len) {
int ch = s.charAt(i);
if (ch == '+') { // + : map to ' '
sbuf.append(' ');
} else if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') { // 'A'..'Z' : as it was
sbuf.append((char)ch);
} else if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') { // 'a'..'z' : as it was
sbuf.append((char)ch);
} else if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') { // '0'..'9' : as it was
sbuf.append((char)ch);
} else if (ch == '-' || ch == '_' // unreserved : as it was
|| ch == '.' || ch == '!'
|| ch == '~' || ch == '*'
|| ch == '/' || ch == '('
|| ch == ')') {
sbuf.append((char)ch);
} else if (ch == '%') {
int cint = 0;
if ('u' != s.charAt(i+1)) { // %XX : map to ascii(XX)
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i+1)];
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i+2)];
i+=2;
} else { // %uXXXX : map to unicode(XXXX)
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i+2)];
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i+3)];
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i+4)];
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i+5)];
i+=5;
}
sbuf.append((char)cint);
}
i++;
}
url编码处理String();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// String stest = "数据库";
// System.out.println(stest);
// System.out.println(escape(stest));
// System.out.println(unescape(escape(stest)));
}
}
注意：+字符好像没有被编译（可能我⽔平不够吧）所以接收参数的时候这样出来⼀下
c = c.replaceAll(" ", "%2B");
c = Escape.unescape(c);
这样就解码成功了！
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