英语语言学名词解释
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英语语言学名词解释
Acronyms AffixationAcronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a A word formation approach that attaches morpheme –an affix to a base，group of words. which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference 前照应 A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应 A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference， which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people， animals or things. Compound A compound， the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or conv
erted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination 并列词 Realized by coordinators （ also termed coordinating conjunctions） which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It
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is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.） in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点 under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to
achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略 leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression ，especially our surprise ， excitement ，
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ amazement，etc. It doesn?t take S-V inversion. exophoric reference 语言外照应 Nonlinguistic or situational context. Finite verb phrase Its head word is a finite verb， which is restricted by tense and keeps concord with the subject. Foreign pluralsWords that are borrowed from other languages often have foreign plurals. Fronting: Fronting is a term which refers to the removal of an item from its unmarked position to the marked presubject position. Infinitive The infinitive occurs as a verb in the base form which may go with or without to. Inherent adjectives Mass nouns Inherent adjectives denote inherent qualities characterize the referent of the noun. （e.g a big house） Nouns that can?t take plural.a Its first element is a non-finite verb free from the restrict of Non-inherent adjectives identify qualities in an indirect Non-finite Verb Phrase Non-inherent adjectives
way. （e.g. a big eater）Non-predictive （non-epistemic）Non-predictive meanings of modal auxiliaries are very heterogeneous in nature，this category covers a variety of meanings，except “prediction”。 Non-restrictive adjectives 非限定性形容词Non-restrictive adjectives provide additional information not essential for the identification of the noun. Adjective
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modifying proper noun are normally non-restrictive. （e.g. my fat wife） Predictive meaning （epistemic）The predictive meaning， rather homogeneous in nature， is concerned with the speaker?s assumption or assessment of probability and indicates the speaker?s confidence in the truth of his statement. Proper Nouns Proper nouns denote individual persons， places， etc， normally begins with a capital letter，has no plural form and can?t occur after an article. Pseudo-passive A pseudo-passive sentence is passive in form but active in meaning. Its ed-participle is adjectivalized； it can occur in a comparative construction，with a variety of prepositional phrases other than by-phrase，
and with other link verbs besides be and get. Putative Should Putative should is not very meaningful in its own right； in many cases， its function is to fill in a structural slot. This use of should is commonly foundtense and concord of subject.
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in the that-clause after an adjective or a noun denoting a feeling or It?s strange that she should wear her evening dress for such an informal party. Unit nouns Unit nouns are used to specify the quantities of the modified noun. Restrictive adjectives help identify the noun by describing its reference 照应using grammatical pro-form which explicitly/clearly refer elsewhere Restrictive adjectives Stative adjectives distinctive qualities（e.g. a fat woman）The majority of adjectives are stative in nature， describing Semantically， subject complements denote what the subject permanent a big house Subject complement be and become. Subordination 主从连接词 Realized by subordinators （also termed subordinating conjunctions），involves the linki
ng of units at different levels so that they form a hierarchy. A subordinator introduces a subordinate clause which is attached to the main clause （also termed the superordinate clause）。

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