上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英
语试卷
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Imagine for a moment that your unborn child has a rare genetic disorder.
Not    1    at least vaguely familiar, such as sickle-cell anaemia or cystic fibrosis, but rather a condition    2    (bury) deep within the medical dictionary. Adrenoleukodys trophy, maybe. Or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Would you, when your child is born, want to know about it? If effective treatments were available, you probably would. But if not? If the outcome were fatal, would your interest in knowing about it depend on whether your newborn had five years of
life    3    (look) forward to, or ten? Or 30?
Today these questions are mostly hypothetical. Precisely because they are rare, such disorders are seldom noticed at birth. They manifest (显现) themselves only gradually, and often with unpredictable severity. But that may soon change. Twenty years after the first human genome    4    (map), the price of whole-genome sequencing has fallen to a point    5    it could, in rich countries at least, be offered routinely to newborns. Parents will then have to decide exactly how much they want to know.
Early diagnosis brings with it the possibility of early treatment. Moreover, sequencing the genomes of newborns could offer a lifetime of returns. A patient’s genome may reveal    6    drugs will work best in his or her particular case for conditions such as ADHD, depression and cancer. Combined with information about someone’s way of life, it could highlight easily neglected health risks such as cancers and cardiovascular disease, leading to better preventive measures. A database of genomes,    7    (match) to living people, would be a benefit to medical research. The fruits of that research, in turn, would make those genomes more useful to their owners as time goes on.
Such a powerful new technology create new dangers. Widespread screening for thousands of potentially harmful genes may be counterproductive: some results may worry parents unnecessarily, because some genetic variations,    8    occasionally indicative of disease, are not strongly so. Parents may not want to unlock all the secrets that their newborn’s genome might reveal. Some may
indeed prefer not to know about conditions that cannot be treated. Adult-onset illnesses pose a different dilemma — a
reasonable position is that it    9    be up to the children themselves, once grown, to decide whether they want to look at their genomic information. A further concern is that data will not be kept secure, and may be leaked or otherwise misused    10    some point in the future.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can
Pokemon Stickers Are Back for Koreans Nostalgic (怀旧的) for Childhood
Small pastries include a surprise sticker, and the goal is to find all 159 varieties —just like a trend more than 20 years ago.
Jeong Bo-ram’s new fascination has him    11    mass-produced pastries(糕点), delivery trucks and hi
s childhood memories. His    12    are $1.20 bakery items sold with random Pokemon stickers that fly off store shelves in South Korea.
Just a few short of a full 159-sticker collection, 29-year-old Mr. Jeong has gone to more than 10 convenience stores and supermarkets a day, often leaving empty-handed. He has paid hundreds of dollars. He has learned the evening    13    times throughout his neighborhood to know when fresh drop-offs occur.
More than two decades ago, the Pokemon sticker-treat duo caught on with a generation of South Korean children, before the craze passed after a few years and the products were discontinued. Now the goodies are back just in time for the country’s broader retro boom,    14    by adults nostaglic for simpler times.
South Koreans are going to great    15    to live out the Pokemon tagline of “Gotta catch ’em all,” with some    16    the stickers in display booklets. Pokemon, originally a Japanese game for the Nintendo Game Boy that    17    hundreds of monster characters, has expanded into globally popular animated series, toys and video-games,    18    the recent hit Pokemon Go for smartphones.
Retailers have posted signs on their entrances that read, “We have no Pokemon bread,” while some
store owners are    19    of bundling the in-demand pastries with unpopular items. Hunters camp outside supermarkets early in the morning. The rarest of stickers, such as that of the legendary characters Mew (梦幻) and Mewtwo (超梦), fetch
$40 online. A full collection    20    more than $700, the listings show. Actual children also try to find the stickers, but adults are using their greater resources for the hunt.
Ko Hyo-jin shrieked when she ripped open a package of “Diglett Strawberry Custard Bread” recently and discovered inside a sticker of Mewtwo - a two-legged monster shown extending its paw. She immediately dialed up her husband. “It felt like winning the lottery,” said the 39-year-old homemaker in the Seoul Suburbs.
The nostalgic chase has been embraced by young adult s facing Korea’s stagnant economy, soaring real-estate prices and a tight labor market.
三、完形填空
How Do You Know You’re Not in the Matrix?
At the heart of the philosophy of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas (阿奎那) is the idea that we come i
nto contact with reality through the senses. But what if our senses are not a(n) _________ source? Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix.
This _________ of sense knowledge was part of Ren e Descartes’s (笛卡尔) methodic doubt, which many radical (激进的) skeptics have adopted. Descartes argued: whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. But I have found that the senses may deceive me _________, and it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. And one example Descartes gives as evidence is the fact that objects at a distance look smaller than what they are.
But this is not deception. The sense of sight is reporting _________ what it perceives. As D. Q. McInerny (麦克伦尼) says, “This is the sense of sight functioning just as it should, in order to give me a proper knowledge of _________”. Only when one made the judgement that “the man is small and then becomes big” world _________ come in. Truth and falsity do not _________ sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception.
Another _________ with Descartes’s reason for doubting sensory perception is that he relies on only
one sensory power. I t’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us, we must  _________ another sense.
To use an example that many radical skeptics do to justify their doubt of sense knowledge. I may perceive the stick __________ immersed in water as crooked (弯曲). How do I determine whether what I perceive is actually the case? I pick up the stick.
When I do so, I judge the stick is actually __________. But in order to make a correct judgment about the stick, I use another sensory power — namely, __________ — that I must trust in order to make the proper judgment.
With regard to Descartes’s example, in order to make a sound judgment about the
__________ of the man walking up the street, Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge.
However, Descartes’s recognition of the man’s small stature (身高) as __________ presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature. As Ralph McInerny notes, “Descartes must trust his senses in order to challenge them.”
So, if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact with the __________ world, then we can have greater certainty that what we perceive is objectively real.
21.
A．external B．primary C．reliable D．alternative
22.
A．disbelief B．application C．branch D．command
23.
A．in no case B．out of nowhere C．by all means D．now and then 24.
A．accurately B．independently C．accidentally D．considerately 25.
A．philosophy B．distance C．nature D．life
26.
A．analysis B．error C．change D．reflection
27.
A．lead to B．serve as C．identify with D．lie in
28.
A．problem B．consideration C．advantage D．perspective
29.
A．abandon B．regain C．sharpen D．employ
30.
A．barely B．wrongly C．partially D．completely
31.
A．hollow B．straight C．thick D．bent
32.
A．smell B．sight C．touch D．taste
vaguely
33.
A．size B．status C．age D．weight
34.
A．scientific B．unusual C．reasonable D．horrifying
35.
A．imaginary B．private C．contemporary D．outside
四、阅读理解
Be a Better Traveler in the Over-tourism Era
Travel has become as accessible as McDonald’s, reaching a new high as global tourist arrivals reached 1.4 billion last year. In 1995, global arrivals numbered only 525 million.
As a father of two kids, I am the first to celebrate the drop in costs brought on by air-travel market liberalization, the rise of discount airlines, a revolution in accommodations thanks to the likes of Books and Airbnb, and mobile devices installed with the best maps and travel gu ides the world has ever known. I’m also happy for the retailers, hoteliers, museum keepers and others who have benefited financially from the tourism boom.
I can’t help but wonder, though, what we are actually seeing as we travel these days. More people are travelling, but many are visiting the same places. Is a forest of selfie sticks what I wanted to show my daughter at the Louvre? When was the last time I set food on Prague’s main square without being elbowed a dozen times? Is a trip to Barcelona complete if you have to avoid every famous location for fear of being trampled (踩踏)?
Cities can not do much about this —they can’t very well close airports, force airlines to fly less frequently or increase their prices. Raising the cost of air travel, overall or to specific destination, will never be popular. Many will object it on the grounds that travel shouldn’t be just for the rich, and it’ll hurt the residents of cities troubled with over-tourism.
So what should travelers do? Stay home? That’s unlikely. B ut if you are heading for some of the worl
d’s most popular destinations, rethink your bucket list (愿望清单). You should be open to venturing beyond the obvious. Even if you are set on visiting an iconic site, consider going at an off-peak time.

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