上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学紫竹校区2022届高三上学期开学考试英语试题
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What to Say to A Rude Person
Recently, as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself 21.      (become) steadily enraged. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a oud conversation,            22.      would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000followers.
When the train arrived at its destination, Winston quickly got off for he 23.      (have) enough of the woman's rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they gleefully showed her the lord's messages, she used just one word to describe Winston's actions: rude.
Winston's tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, 24.      (fuel) by social media (and, often, politics). What can we do to fix this?
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing makes it far more likely that we in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive,            25.      (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way to end a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so. We must have the guts to call it out, face to face. We must say, "Just stop." For Winston, that 26.      have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous ("I rubbed fries on their wind—shield") to the disturbing ("I sabotaged them at work"). Winston 27.      shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her.
We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, and by handling it 28.      a trace of aggression and rudeness. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain            29.      30.      this ride of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. extended B. tasty C. reserves D. resistant E. pause F. consume
G. slows H. supplies L. associated J. properties K. tapping
vaguelyExtreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. The big difference between "drought—tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store   31  of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use up their stored water or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to   32  water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought   33  .
Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water—storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from   34  groundwater, so they instead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect a/an    35  dry period, they change their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress—   36  proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the   37  of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass—like state that is "the most stable state that t
he plant can maintain," Farrant says. That   38  the plant's metabolism and protects its dried—out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.
What else can do this dry—out—and—revive trick? Seeds—almost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied seeds such as avocados(牛油果) , coffee and lychee(荔枝). Though   39  , such seeds are delicate — they cannot bud and grow if they dry out. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout. Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the   40  button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.
III. Reading Comprehensions Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A、 B、C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.

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