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1、Science fiction is a literature genre developed in the 20th century in which the fiction writer addresses how scientific discoveries, technological developments, and future events and societal changes affect human beings. The description of these influences may be a careful and informed extrapolation of scientific facts and principles, or it may range into farfetched areas flatly contradictory of such facts and principles.
科幻小说是20世纪发展起来的一种文学体裁，科幻小说作家在其作品中描述科学发现、技术进步以及未来的事情和社会变化如何影响人类。对这些影响的描写，可能是对科学事实和原理的一种细致而有根据的判断，或是描写与这些事实和原理完全矛盾的令人难以置信的一些领域。
2、Managerial economics is the study of the application of economic principles of decision-making in business firms or in other management units. The basic concepts are derived mainly form microeconomic theory, which studies the behavior of individual consumers, firms, and industries, but new tools of analysis have been added. Statistical
methods, for example, are becoming increasingly important in estimating current and future demand for products.
管理经济学研究将经济学原理运用于企业公司或其他管理部门的决策之中，其基本概念主要来自研究个体消费者、公司和行业的经济行为的微观经济学，但加进了新的分析方法。例如各种统计方法在估计产品当前和今后的需求中已日渐重要。
  3、The unique contribution of the United States to those who love the great outdoors are the National Parks and State Parks. They are beautifully organized and give particular thought to campers. There are also campsites by the sea, which are hidden from the beach by a lion of sand dunes, or a thick belt of trees. Wherever you go, you can nearly always find picnic places complete with wooden tables, benches, garbage cans and restrooms.
美国为野外活动爱好者所做的特殊贡献是建立了众多的国家公园和州立公园，这些公园布局漂亮，体现了对野营爱好者的特殊关爱。海边也有许多野营营地。这些营地，或在海滩一连串的沙丘后，或在海滩茂密的林带后面。无论你走到哪里，几乎总能到地方野餐，
这些地方设备齐全，全都配有木制桌子、凳子、垃圾桶和洗手间。
degrade  4、Basically, all the nervous elements which underlie the experience of pain by human beings are to be found in all mammalian vertebrates at least; this is hardly surprising as pain is a response to a potentially harmful stimulus and is therefore of great biological importance for survival. Is there any reason, for supposing that animals, though equipped with all the necessary neurological structures, do not experience pain? Such a view would seem to presuppose a profound qualitative difference in the mental life of animals and men.
一般来说，参与人体痛觉经历的神经组织至少在哺乳类动物身上都可以到，这并不令人惊讶，因为疼痛是一种对潜在危险刺激的反应，从而具有使动物生存下去的重要的生物学意义。那么，在动物拥有所有必要的神经结构的情况下，我们有什么理由认为它们不能感受疼痛呢？那种认为动物不能感受疼痛的看法似乎认定动物和人在精神生活中存在本质的区别。
  5、Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation s
o conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We have met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives so that the nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate ---we can not consecrate ---we can not hallow ----this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say.
  目前我们正在进行一场伟大的国内战争，我们的国家或任何一个有着同样理想与目标的国家能否长久存在，这场战争就是一次考验。我们在这场战争的一个伟大的战场上相聚。我们来到这里，将这战场的一小块土地奉献给那些为国家生存而英勇捐躯的人们，作为他们最后的安息之地。我们这样做是完全恰当的，完全应该的。
  然而，从更深一层的意义上来说，我们没有能力奉献这块土地，没有能力使这块土地变得神圣。因为曾在这里进行过斗争的那些活着和已经死去的勇士们，已经使这块土地变得如此圣洁，我们微薄的力量已不能再对它有所改变，我们今天在这时说的话，世人不会注意，也不会长久记住，但这些英雄的业绩，人们将永记不忘。
    6、Although ethics has always been viewed as a branch of philosophy, its all-embracing practical nature links it with many other areas of study, including anthropology, biology, economics, history, politics, sociology, and theology. Yet, ethics remains distinct from such disciplines because it is not a matter of factual knowledge in the way that the sciences and other branches of inquiry are. Rather, it has to do with determining the nature of normative theories and applying these sets of principles to practical moral problems.
    虽然人们总把伦理学看作是哲学的一个分支，但伦理学包罗万象的实践的本质使它与其他许多学科领域联系起来，这些学科包括人类学、生物学、经济学、历史学、政治学、社会学和神学。然而，伦理学又与这些学科不同，因为它不像科学和其他学问那样涉及实在的知识，而是涉及确定规范理论的本质以及将这些原则应用于实际的道德问题。
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1、由于现代科学的兴起，特别是天文学和物理学的巨大变革，科学幻想小说的出现才成为可能。真正的科幻小说始于19世纪末儒勒·凡尔纳的科学幻想浪漫故事，不过，凡尔纳的科
学只是停留在发明的水平上。
Science fiction was made possible only by the rise of modern science itself, notably the great revolutions in astronomy and physics, Science fiction proper began toward the end of the 19th century with the scientific romances of  Jules Verne, whose science was rather on the level of invention.
2、好的管理是实现个人和社会目标的不可缺少的内容。好的管理可以创造高质量的工作和高生产率，可以把冲突减至最低程度和最大限度地促进合作，所有这些会使经济不断改善，而这又为个人发展和社会进步打下很好的基础。
Good management is a vital element in achieving personal and social objectives. Good management can creat high quality and high productivity, minimize conflicts and maximize cooperation, all of which lend to an improving economy which lays an excellent foundation for personal development and social progress.

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